Main Translations

English: broadcast

Thai: ออกอากาศ (ork aagat)

Phonetic: [ɔ̀k ʔāː.kàːt]

Detailed Explanation: The term "ออกอากาศ" is primarily used in media and communication contexts, such as television, radio, or online streaming. It refers to the act of transmitting audio, video, or information to a wide audience. Usage scenarios include news reporting, live events, and entertainment. Emotionally, it carries a neutral to positive connotation, symbolizing accessibility and widespread sharing. Semantic nuances involve the idea of "reaching out" to the public, emphasizing dissemination rather than one-on-one communication. In Thai culture, this word is common in daily media consumption, evoking a sense of community and real-time connectivity.

Thai: กระจาย (krachai)

Phonetic: [kràʔ.tɕāj]

Detailed Explanation: As a secondary translation, "กระจาย" is more general and metaphorical, meaning to spread or distribute information, ideas, or resources widely. Usage scenarios extend beyond media to include social contexts, such as sharing news on social media or distributing flyers. It has a neutral connotation but can imply efficiency or rapid dissemination. Semantic nuances highlight the action of scattering or expanding reach, often with a sense of urgency or breadth. In Thai, this word is versatile and frequently used in informal settings, reflecting cultural habits of communal information sharing, like in community events or online forums.

Overview of Usage Scenarios

"Broadcast" is a versatile word primarily used in media, communication, and information-sharing contexts. It functions as a verb (e.g., to transmit content) or a noun (e.g., a program or event). Main usage scenarios include media production (e.g., TV and radio), business communications (e.g., live streams), leisure activities (e.g., social media sharing), and formal settings (e.g., announcements). In Thai, translations like "ออกอากาศ" and "กระจาย" adapt to these scenarios, with nuances based on formality and context, making it essential for everyday language in a digital age.

Example Sentences

Example Sentences in Different Scenarios

Business Scenario

English: The company will broadcast the annual meeting live to all global offices.

Thai: บริษัทจะออกอากาศการประชุมประจำปีแบบสดไปยังสำนักงานทั่วโลก

Grammatical Breakdown: "The company" (subject, noun phrase) is the entity performing the action; "will broadcast" (future tense verb) indicates the planned action; "the annual meeting" (direct object, noun phrase) specifies what is being broadcast; "live" (adverb) modifies the verb; "to all global offices" (prepositional phrase) indicates the recipients.

Structural Analysis: This is a simple declarative sentence with a subject-verb-object structure. The use of "will" conveys future intent, common in business contexts for planning. In Thai, the sentence follows a subject-verb-object pattern with classifiers, emphasizing formality and precision.

Leisure Scenario

English: We love to broadcast our travel adventures on social media for our friends to see.

Thai: เราชอบกระจายเรื่องราวการเดินทางของเราบนโซเชียลมีเดียให้เพื่อนๆ ได้ดู

Grammatical Breakdown: "We" (subject, pronoun) is the doer; "love to broadcast" (verb phrase) expresses preference and action; "our travel adventures" (possessive noun phrase) is the object; "on social media" (prepositional phrase) specifies the medium; "for our friends to see" (infinitive phrase) indicates purpose.

Structural Analysis: This compound sentence combines a main clause with a purpose clause, making it engaging for casual contexts. In Thai, "กระจาย" adds a metaphorical layer, reflecting informal, everyday sharing habits on platforms like Facebook or Instagram.

Formal Occasion

English: The government will broadcast an important announcement during prime time.

Thai: รัฐบาลจะออกอากาศประกาศสำคัญในช่วงเวลานายกรัฐมนตรี

Grammatical Breakdown: "The government" (subject) is the actor; "will broadcast" (future tense verb) denotes the action; "an important announcement" (direct object) is what is being transmitted; "during prime time" (prepositional phrase) specifies timing.

Structural Analysis: A straightforward declarative sentence with a formal tone, using future tense for scheduling. In Thai, the structure maintains politeness and authority, aligning with cultural norms for official communications.

Informal Occasion

English: Let's broadcast this funny video to everyone in the group chat!

Thai: มา! กระจายวิดีโอตลกนี้ให้ทุกคนในแชทกลุ่มเลยสิ!

Grammatical Breakdown: "Let's" (imperative form of "let us") suggests a suggestion; "broadcast" (verb) is the main action; "this funny video" (direct object) is the item; "to everyone in the group chat" (prepositional phrase) indicates recipients.

Structural Analysis: This imperative sentence encourages action in a casual setting. In Thai, exclamatory elements like "มา!" add enthusiasm, making it suitable for informal interactions among peers.

Example Sentences in Different Sentence Types

Declarative Sentence

English: The radio station broadcasts local news every morning.

Thai: สถานีวิทยุออกอากาศข่าวท้องถิ่นทุกเช้า

Grammatical Breakdown: "The radio station" (subject); "broadcasts" (present tense verb); "local news" (object); "every morning" (adverbial phrase for frequency).

Structural Analysis: A simple declarative sentence stating a fact. In Thai, it uses a standard subject-verb-object structure, ideal for routine descriptions.

Interrogative Sentence

English: Will you broadcast the event on your channel?

Thai: คุณจะออกอากาศงานนี้บนช่องของคุณไหม?

Grammatical Breakdown: "Will you" (question form of subject and auxiliary verb); "broadcast" (main verb); "the event" (object); "on your channel" (prepositional phrase).

Structural Analysis: An interrogative sentence seeking confirmation, with inversion for questions. In Thai, the particle "ไหม" softens the inquiry, reflecting polite cultural norms.

Imperative Sentence

English: Broadcast the message immediately to avoid confusion.

Thai: กระจายข้อความนี้ทันทีเพื่อหลีกเลี่ยงความสับสน

Grammatical Breakdown: "Broadcast" (imperative verb); "the message" (direct object); "immediately" (adverb); "to avoid confusion" (infinitive phrase for purpose).

Structural Analysis: Direct command structure, urging action. Thai version uses "กระจาย" for emphasis, common in urgent, informal directives.

Exclamatory Sentence

English: What a great broadcast that was!

Thai: นั่นเป็นการออกอากาศที่ยอดเยี่ยมมาก!

Grammatical Breakdown: "What a great" (exclamation starter); "broadcast" (noun); "that was" (verb phrase).

Structural Analysis: An exclamatory sentence expressing admiration. In Thai, intensifiers like "มาก" heighten emotion, aligning with expressive cultural communication.

Example Sentences of Different Difficulties

Simple Sentence

English: They broadcast music daily.

Thai: พวกเขาออกอากาศเพลงทุกวัน

Grammatical Breakdown: "They" (subject); "broadcast" (verb); "music" (object); "daily" (adverb).

Structural Analysis: Basic subject-verb-object structure, easy for beginners.

Intermediate Sentence

English: The network broadcasts shows that appeal to a younger audience.

Thai: เครือข่ายออกอากาศรายการที่ดึงดูดผู้ชมรุ่นเยาว์

Grammatical Breakdown: "The network" (subject); "broadcasts" (verb); "shows that appeal to a younger audience" (complex object with relative clause).

Structural Analysis: Includes a relative clause for added detail, suitable for intermediate learners.

Complex Sentence

English: Although the signal was weak, the station managed to broadcast the emergency alert to thousands of listeners.

Thai: แม้ว่าสัญญาณจะอ่อนแอ แต่สถานีก็สามารถออกอากาศสัญญาณเตือนภัยฉุกเฉินให้ผู้ฟังนับพันคนได้

Grammatical Breakdown: "Although the signal was weak" (subordinate clause); "the station managed to broadcast" (main clause); "the emergency alert to thousands of listeners" (object phrase).

Structural Analysis: A complex sentence with conjunctions and clauses, demonstrating advanced usage in real-world scenarios.

Related Phrases and Expressions

Synonyms/Near Synonyms:

• Transmit – Used for sending signals or data, often in technical contexts, e.g., "Transmit the live feed."
• Disseminate – Implies spreading information widely, especially in educational or official settings, e.g., "Disseminate the report to the public."

Antonyms:

• Withhold – Means to hold back or not share information, contrasting with broadcast's openness, e.g., "Withhold sensitive details."
• Suppress – Involves actively preventing dissemination, often with negative connotations, e.g., "Suppress the news to maintain order."

Common Collocations:

• Live broadcast – Refers to real-time transmission, commonly used in events, e.g., "The live broadcast attracted millions of viewers."
• News broadcast – Specifically for reporting current events, e.g., "Tune in for the evening news broadcast."

Cultural Background and Usage Habits

Cultural Background:

• Cultural Point 1: In Thailand, broadcasting plays a significant role in national identity, with state-owned channels like Thai PBS promoting cultural events and government messages. This reflects a collectivist society where "broadcast" fosters unity, such as during festivals like Songkran, where live broadcasts enhance communal participation.

Usage Habits:

• Habit 1: "Broadcast" and its Thai equivalents are frequently used in daily life, especially among younger demographics on social media, with high popularity in urban areas. It's less formal in casual conversations but prevalent in news and entertainment, making it accessible to all age groups.

Grammar Explanation

Grammatical Function: "Broadcast" primarily functions as a verb (transitive or intransitive) meaning to send out information, or as a noun referring to a transmission. As a verb, it can act as the main verb in a sentence (e.g., subject performs the action). In Thai translations, it integrates as a verb in subject-verb-object structures.

Tense and Voice: As a verb, it remains the same in present tense (broadcast) and past tense (broadcast or broadcasted in informal use). In passive voice, it becomes "is broadcast" (e.g., "The event is broadcast live"). Thai verbs like "ออกอากาศ" don't change for tense but use particles for context (e.g., "จะออกอากาศ" for future).

References

Etymology and History:

The word "broadcast" originated in the early 20th century from agriculture, combining "broad" (wide) and "cast" (to throw), initially meaning to scatter seeds widely. It evolved with radio and television in the 1920s to mean transmitting signals. In Thai, "ออกอากาศ" emerged with modern media in the mid-20th century, influenced by Western technology.

Literary References:

• From George Orwell's "1984": "The telescreen received and transmitted simultaneously. Any sound that Winston made... would be picked up by it." This highlights broadcasting's role in surveillance and mass communication.
• From Thai literature, in "The Four Reigns" by Kukrit Pramoj: References to radio broadcasts symbolize modernization, illustrating how "ออกอากาศ" became integral to Thai societal narratives during the mid-20th century.