Main Translations

English: Broken

Thai: แตก (Taek)

Phonetic: Taek (pronounced with a short "ae" sound, like "tech" but with a falling tone in Thai).

Detailed Explanation: "แตก" is primarily used for physical breakage or fragmentation, such as an object shattering into pieces. It carries a neutral to negative emotional connotation, often implying loss or damage. In usage scenarios, it's common in everyday contexts like describing accidents or material failures. For SEO purposes, this translation aligns with searches for "broken object in Thai." Semantic nuances include its application to both literal (e.g., a vase breaking) and metaphorical uses (e.g., a relationship breaking apart), making it versatile in conversational Thai.

Thai: เสีย (Sìa)

Phonetic: Sìa (pronounced with a rising tone, similar to "see-ah" but softer).

Detailed Explanation: "เสีย" is used for something that is broken in the sense of being defective, malfunctioning, or no longer operational, such as a machine or electronic device. It often evokes frustration or inconvenience, with emotional connotations of disappointment. In Thai culture, this word is frequently used in practical, problem-solving scenarios, like repairs or complaints. For SEO, it relates to queries like "broken device translation in Thai." Nuances include its extension to abstract concepts, such as "เสียใจ" (broken-hearted), highlighting emotional states.

Overview of Usage Scenarios

The word "broken" is versatile and appears in various contexts, from literal physical damage to metaphorical emotional or systemic failures. In English, it serves as an adjective or past participle, while in Thai translations like "แตก" or "เสีย," it adapts to situational needs. Main usage scenarios include everyday descriptions of objects (e.g., a broken phone), emotional states (e.g., a broken heart), and professional settings (e.g., a broken contract). This word is prevalent in both formal and informal communication, with SEO-friendly applications in searches for "broken word in daily life" or "broken in business contexts."

Example Sentences

Example Sentences in Different Scenarios

Business Scenario

English: The printer is broken, so we need to fix it before the meeting.

Thai: เครื่องพิมพ์เสีย เราต้องซ่อมก่อนประชุม (Krueang phim sìa, rao dtong saum gòn bpra-chum).

Grammatical Breakdown: "The printer" (subject, noun phrase) + "is broken" (predicate, adjective describing state) + "so we need to fix it" (conjunction + clause with verb "need"). In Thai, "เครื่องพิมพ์เสีย" breaks down to "เครื่องพิมพ์" (noun for printer) + "เสีย" (adjective for broken).

Structural Analysis: This is a compound sentence with a cause-effect structure. In English, it uses present tense for immediacy; in Thai, the adjective "เสีย" directly modifies the noun, emphasizing efficiency in business communication. SEO note: This example targets "broken in business scenarios."

Leisure Scenario

English: My favorite mug is broken; I dropped it while making coffee.

Thai: แก้วโปรดของฉันแตก ฉันทำหล่นตอนชงกาแฟ (Gâew pròd kǎw chăn taek, chăn tam lân dtôn chong gaa-fae).

Grammatical Breakdown: "My favorite mug" (possessive noun phrase) + "is broken" (adjective) + "I dropped it" (past tense clause). In Thai, "แก้วโปรดของฉันแตก" includes "แก้วโปรด" (noun) + "ของฉัน" (possessive) + "แตก" (adjective).

Structural Analysis: A simple declarative sentence with a sequential narrative. The English uses passive voice implicitly; Thai relies on direct adjective placement for casual storytelling, common in leisure contexts. SEO: Relates to "broken in everyday leisure activities."

Formal Occasion

English: The contract was broken due to unforeseen circumstances.

Thai: สัญญาถูกทำลายเพราะสถานการณ์ที่คาดไม่ถึง (Sǎ-nya thùk tam-lai phrûng sà-thaan-gaan thîi kàt mâi thueng).

Grammatical Breakdown: "The contract" (subject) + "was broken" (past passive voice) + "due to" (prepositional phrase). In Thai, "สัญญาถูกทำลาย" uses "ถูก" (passive marker) + "ทำลาย" (verb for break/destroy).

Structural Analysis: Passive voice in English emphasizes the action's result; Thai employs a formal passive structure for politeness. This suits official settings, enhancing SEO for "broken in formal contexts."

Informal Occasion

English: Hey, my phone's broken again—can you help me fix it?

Thai: เฮ้ย มือถือฉันเสียอีกแล้ว ช่วยซ่อมให้หน่อยได้มั้ย (Hèy, muea thu chăn sìa eek láew, chûai saum hai nàuy dâi mái).

Grammatical Breakdown: "Hey" (interjection) + "my phone's broken" (possessive + adjective) + "can you help" (interrogative clause). In Thai, "มือถือฉันเสีย" is subject + adjective, with "อีกแล้ว" (adverb for again).

Structural Analysis: Informal interrogative structure builds rapport; Thai uses casual particles like "เฮ้ย" for friendliness. SEO: Optimizes for "informal uses of broken."

Example Sentences in Different Sentence Types

Declarative Sentence

English: The window is broken from the storm.

Thai: หน้าต่างแตกเพราะพายุ (Nâa tàang taek phrûng pa-yu).

Grammatical Breakdown: "The window" (subject) + "is broken" (predicate adjective) + "from the storm" (prepositional phrase). Thai: "หน้าต่างแตก" (subject + adjective).

Structural Analysis: Straightforward subject-verb-object structure; Thai omits the verb "to be" for simplicity. SEO: Targets "declarative sentences with broken."

Interrogative Sentence

English: Is the toy broken?

Thai: ของเล่นเสียหรือเปล่า (Khǎw len sìa ruer bplào).

Grammatical Breakdown: "Is" (auxiliary verb) + "the toy" (subject) + "broken" (adjective). Thai: "ของเล่น" (subject) + "เสีย" (adjective) + "หรือเปล่า" (question particle).

Structural Analysis: Yes/no question format; Thai uses particles for inquiry. SEO: For "interrogative uses of broken."

Imperative Sentence

English: Don't use the broken ladder; it's unsafe.

Thai: อย่าใช้บันไดที่แตก มันไม่ปลอดภัย (Yàa chái ban-dai thîi taek, man mâi bplàwd-phai).

Grammatical Breakdown: "Don't use" (negative imperative) + "the broken ladder" (object). Thai: "อย่าใช้" (negative command) + "บันไดที่แตก" (object with adjective).

Structural Analysis: Command structure with advice; Thai emphasizes prohibition. SEO: Relates to "imperative sentences with broken."

Exclamatory Sentence

English: Oh no, the vase is broken!

Thai: โอ้ย แจกันแตกแล้ว! (Óy, ja-kan taek láew!).

Grammatical Breakdown: "Oh no" (exclamation) + "the vase is broken" (declarative clause). Thai: "โอ้ย" (exclamation) + "แจกันแตก" (subject + adjective).

Structural Analysis: Expressive with emotional emphasis; Thai uses interjections for intensity. SEO: For "exclamatory sentences using broken."

Example Sentences of Different Difficulties

Simple Sentence

English: The car is broken.

Thai: รถเสีย (Rót sìa).

Grammatical Breakdown: "The car" (subject) + "is broken" (predicate). Thai: "รถ" (subject) + "เสีย" (adjective).

Structural Analysis: Basic subject-predicate form; easy for beginners. SEO: Targets "simple sentences with broken."

Intermediate Sentence

English: She felt broken after the argument.

Thai: เธอรู้สึกเสียใจหลังจากทะเลาะ (Ter ruu sèuk sìa jai lăng jàak ta-láo).

Grammatical Breakdown: "She felt" (subject + verb) + "broken" (adjective). Thai includes "รู้สึก" (verb) + "เสียใจ" (adjective phrase).

Structural Analysis: Involves emotional description; Thai adds nuance with compounds. SEO: For "intermediate level broken sentences."

Complex Sentence

English: Although the phone is broken, I can still use it for calls until I get a new one.

Thai: แม้มือถือจะเสีย ฉันก็ยังใช้โทรได้จนกว่าจะได้อันใหม่ (Mâe muea thu jà sìa, chăn gò yang chái thro dâi jon gwà jà dâi an mài).

Grammatical Breakdown: Subordinate clause ("Although...") + main clause. Thai uses "แม้...จะ" (conjunction) for complexity.

Structural Analysis: Multiple clauses with concession; Thai mirrors this for advanced expression. SEO: Optimizes for "complex sentences involving broken."

Related Phrases and Expressions

Synonyms/Near Synonyms:

• Shattered – Used for complete breakage, often with more intensity (e.g., "The glass shattered into pieces," implying total destruction).
• Damaged – A milder synonym, referring to partial harm (e.g., "The car was damaged in the accident," less severe than "broken").

Antonyms:

• Intact – Indicates something is whole and undamaged (e.g., "The package arrived intact," contrasting with "broken").
• Fixed – Refers to something repaired or functional (e.g., "The watch is fixed now," opposite of a broken state).

Common Collocations:

• Broken heart – Describes emotional pain from loss (e.g., "She has a broken heart after the breakup," common in romantic contexts).
• Broken promise – Refers to unfulfilled commitments (e.g., "His broken promise led to distrust," used in ethical discussions).

Cultural Background and Usage Habits

Cultural Background:

• Cultural Point 1: In Thai culture, the concept of "broken" often ties to Buddhist principles of impermanence (anatta), where items or relationships breaking symbolize life's transient nature. For instance, "แตก" might be used in stories or proverbs to teach resilience, as seen in Thai folklore where broken objects lead to new beginnings. This contrasts with Western views, making it a keyword for SEO searches like "cultural meaning of broken in Thailand."

Usage Habits:

• Habit 1: "Broken" and its Thai equivalents are frequently used in daily conversations among all age groups, especially in urban areas with technology (e.g., "เสีย" for gadgets). It's more popular in informal settings, with higher frequency in younger demographics due to social media. For SEO, this highlights "common usage habits of broken in Thai society."

Grammar Explanation

Grammatical Function:

"Broken" primarily functions as an adjective (e.g., describing a noun like "broken window") or a past participle in passive constructions (e.g., "The rules were broken"). In Thai, translations like "แตก" or "เสีย" act as adjectives without needing a separate verb, making them modifiers in sentences.

Tense and Voice:

In English, "broken" changes with tense: present ("is broken"), past ("was broken"), or future ("will be broken"). It often appears in passive voice (e.g., "The vase was broken by the child"). In Thai, tense is implied through context or time markers, and voice isn't as rigidly defined, allowing flexibility in expressions like "ถูกทำลาย" for passive forms.

References

Etymology and History:

The word "broken" originates from Old English "brocan," meaning to shatter or separate, evolving from Proto-Germanic roots. In Thai, "แตก" derives from ancient Sanskrit influences, while "เสีย" has roots in Pali, reflecting historical trade and cultural exchanges. This evolution underscores its SEO relevance in "etymology of broken word."

Literary References:

• From English literature: In F. Scott Fitzgerald's "The Great Gatsby," "broken" appears as "a broken thing," symbolizing shattered dreams (Chapter 9). In Thai literature, such as in the novel "Kru Kap Phor" by Sri Burapha, themes of "broken hearts" (equivalent to "เสียใจ") highlight emotional fragility.