Main Translations

• English: Cajole
• Thai: เกลี้ยกล่อม (Primary Translation 1)
• Phonetic: Gleey glorm
• Detailed Explanation: The Thai word "เกลี้ยกล่อม" is commonly used to describe persuading or coaxing someone through gentle flattery, promises, or emotional appeals. Usage scenarios include interpersonal relationships, negotiations, or sales, where the goal is to influence without direct confrontation. Emotional connotations are generally positive or neutral, implying charm and subtlety, but it can carry a nuance of manipulation if overused. For example, in Thai culture, this word often appears in contexts involving family dynamics or social harmony, emphasizing indirect communication to "save face."
• Thai: ชักชวน (Secondary Translation 2)
• Phonetic: Chak chuan
• Detailed Explanation: "ชักชวน" translates to inviting or encouraging someone, often with a persuasive tone similar to cajoling. It is used in scenarios like group activities, marketing, or casual invitations. Emotional connotations lean toward enthusiasm and positivity, with semantic nuances focusing on motivation rather than flattery. This word is less manipulative than "เกลี้ยกล่อม" and is common in everyday Thai conversations, reflecting a cultural preference for communal encouragement.

Overview of Usage Scenarios

Cajole, as a verb, is primarily used in situations involving persuasion through flattery, charm, or subtle manipulation. Common scenarios include interpersonal relationships (e.g., parenting or romance), professional settings (e.g., sales or negotiations), and social interactions. It often carries a light-hearted or playful connotation but can imply deceit if the persuasion is insincere. In Thai contexts, words like "เกลี้ยกล่อม" are prevalent in indirect communication styles, making cajoling a tool for maintaining harmony in group dynamics.

Example Sentences

Example Sentences in Different Scenarios

Business Scenario

• English: The marketing manager cajoled the team into working overtime by promising bonuses.
• Thai: ผู้จัดการฝ่ายการตลาดเกลี้ยกล่อมทีมงานให้ทำงานล่วงเวลาโดยการสัญญาว่าจะให้โบนัส (Phu jang gun fai kan ta laet gleey glorm tim ngan hai tam ngan luang wela doi kan san ya wa ja hai bo nus).
• Grammatical Breakdown: "Cajoled" is the past tense of the verb "cajole," acting as the main verb. "The marketing manager" is the subject (noun phrase), "the team" is the direct object, and "into working overtime" is a prepositional phrase indicating the action persuaded. "By promising bonuses" is a gerund phrase explaining the method.
• Structural Analysis: This sentence follows a subject-verb-object structure in active voice, common in business English. It demonstrates cajole's persuasive function, with the Thai translation maintaining a similar structure for clarity in professional contexts.

Leisure Scenario

• English: She cajoled her friends into joining the hiking trip with tales of beautiful scenery.
• Thai: เธอชักชวนเพื่อนๆ ให้เข้าร่วมทริปเดินป่าด้วยเรื่องราวของทัศนียภาพที่สวยงาม (Ther chak chuan puea n hai ker rum trip dern pa duay reuang raw khong tan niyapap thi suay ngaam).
• Grammatical Breakdown: "Cajoled" is the verb in past tense; "She" is the subject, "her friends" is the object, and "into joining the hiking trip" is an infinitive phrase. "With tales of beautiful scenery" is a prepositional phrase providing context.
• Structural Analysis: The sentence uses a simple active voice structure to show casual persuasion. In Thai, the translation employs a similar flow, highlighting how cajoling fits into relaxed, social settings.

Formal Occasion

• English: The diplomat cajoled the foreign delegates into signing the treaty through diplomatic flattery.
• Thai: ทูตเกลี้ยกล่อมผู้แทนต่างประเทศให้ลงนามในสนธิสัญญาด้วยคำพูดที่สุภาพ (Tut gleey glorm puea tan tang bpra tet hai long nam nai san thi sa yut duay kam phut thi su phap).
• Grammatical Breakdown: "Cajoled" is the main verb; "The diplomat" is the subject, "the foreign delegates" is the object, and "into signing the treaty" is an infinitive phrase. "Through diplomatic flattery" modifies the verb as an adverbial phrase.
• Structural Analysis: This formal sentence uses complex phrasing to emphasize subtlety, aligning with diplomatic language. The Thai version preserves the formality, showcasing cajole's role in high-stakes interactions.

Informal Occasion

• English: He cajoled his sibling into sharing the last piece of cake with a cheeky smile.
• Thai: เขาชักชวนน้องให้แบ่งชิ้นเค้กชิ้นสุดท้ายด้วยรอยยิ้มซนๆ (Khao chak chuan nong hai baeng chin khek chin sut thi duay roi yim son-son).
• Grammatical Breakdown: "Cajoled" is the verb; "He" is the subject, "his sibling" is the object, and "into sharing the last piece of cake" is an infinitive phrase. "With a cheeky smile" is a prepositional phrase adding detail.
• Structural Analysis: The informal tone is evident in the simple structure, making it relatable for everyday use. Thai translation mirrors this casualness, common in family or friend interactions.

Example Sentences in Different Sentence Types

Declarative Sentence

• English: The teacher cajoled the students into participating in the debate.
• Thai: ครูเกลี้ยกล่อมนักเรียนให้เข้าร่วมการอภิปราย (Kru gleey glorm nak rian hai ker rum gan a bip pa rai).
• Grammatical Breakdown: "Cajoled" is the verb in past tense; "The teacher" is the subject, and "the students" is the object with an infinitive phrase.
• Structural Analysis: A straightforward declarative form states a fact, ideal for educational contexts.

Interrogative Sentence

• English: Did you cajole your colleague into attending the meeting?
• Thai: คุณชักชวนเพื่อนร่วมงานให้เข้าร่วมประชุมหรือไม่? (Khun chak chuan puea rum ngan hai ker rum bpra chum rue mai?).
• Grammatical Breakdown: "Cajole" is in the base form after "did"; "you" is the subject, and "your colleague" is the object.
• Structural Analysis: This yes/no question inverts the subject-verb order for inquiry, suitable for workplace discussions.

Imperative Sentence

• English: Cajole your team into trying the new strategy.
• Thai: ชักชวนทีมของคุณให้ลองกลยุทธ์ใหม่ (Chak chuan tim khong khun hai long glu yut mai).
• Grammatical Breakdown: "Cajole" is the imperative verb; "your team" is the object with an infinitive phrase.
• Structural Analysis: Commands like this encourage action, often in motivational settings.

Exclamatory Sentence

• English: How cleverly she cajoled everyone into donating!
• Thai: เธอเกลี้ยกล่อมทุกคนให้บริจาคได้อย่างฉลาดจริงๆ! (Ther gleey glorm took kon hai bri jak dai yang chan laet jing-jing!)
• Grammatical Breakdown: "Cajoled" is the verb; "she" is the subject, with an adverb ("cleverly") for emphasis.
• Structural Analysis: Exclamatory structure adds emotion, highlighting admiration in social scenarios.

Example Sentences of Different Difficulties

Simple Sentence

• English: I cajoled him into helping.
• Thai: ฉันเกลี้ยกล่อมเขาให้ช่วย (Chan gleey glorm khao hai chuay).
• Grammatical Breakdown: "Cajoled" is the verb; "I" is the subject, "him" is the object.
• Structural Analysis: Basic subject-verb-object for beginners.

Intermediate Sentence

• English: She cajoled her neighbors into organizing a community event despite the rain.
• Thai: เธอชักชวนเพื่อนบ้านให้จัดกิจกรรมชุมชนแม้ฝนจะตก (Ther chak chuan puea ban hai jat kit jak chum chon mae fen ja tok).
• Grammatical Breakdown: Includes subordinate clause ("despite the rain") for added complexity.
• Structural Analysis: Builds on simple sentences with clauses for intermediate learners.

Complex Sentence

• English: Although he was reluctant, the salesperson cajoled the customer into purchasing the product by highlighting its benefits.
• Thai: แม้เขาจะไม่เต็มใจแต่พนักงานขายก็เกลี้ยกล่อมลูกค้าให้ซื้อสินค้าด้วยการเน้นย้ำถึงประโยชน์ (Mae khao ja mai tem jai tae pan nak ngan khai gor gleey glorm luk kha hai sue sin kha duay kan nen yam toh pra yo chon).
• Grammatical Breakdown: Features a dependent clause ("Although he was reluctant") and multiple phrases.
• Structural Analysis: Advanced structure with concessions, ideal for nuanced business language.

Related Phrases and Expressions

Synonyms/Near Synonyms:

• Coax – Used similarly to cajole, often in gentle persuasion; e.g., in parenting to encourage children.
• Wheedle – Implies more persistent flattery; common in sales or negotiations.

Antonyms:

• Coerce – Involves force or threats, opposite of cajole's charm; e.g., in legal contexts.
• Bully – Relies on intimidation, contrasting cajole's subtlety.

Common Collocations:

• Cajole into – Used to indicate persuasion toward an action; e.g., "cajole into buying."
• Cajole with – Refers to the method of persuasion; e.g., "cajole with promises."

Cultural Background and Usage Habits

Cultural Background:

• Cultural Point 1: In Western cultures, cajoling is often seen as a social skill in contexts like marketing or dating, reflecting individualism and direct communication. In Thai culture, equivalents like "เกลี้ยกล่อม" align with "kreng jai" (consideration for others), promoting harmony and avoiding conflict.

Usage Habits:

• Habit 1: Cajole and its Thai translations are frequently used in everyday conversations among younger demographics in urban areas, such as in social media or informal gatherings. It is popular in Thailand for maintaining relationships, with high frequency in family or community settings due to cultural emphasis on politeness.

Grammar Explanation

• Grammatical Function: "Cajole" functions primarily as a transitive verb, requiring an object (e.g., cajole someone into something). It can act as the main verb in a sentence or part of a phrase.
• Tense and Voice: It changes as follows: present (cajole), past (cajoled), present participle (cajoling), and past participle (cajoled). Primarily used in active voice (e.g., "She cajoled him"), though passive voice is possible (e.g., "He was cajoled into agreeing").

References

Etymology and History:

The word "cajole" originates from the French "cajoler," meaning to chatter like a bird or entice, dating back to the 17th century. It evolved in English to denote persuasive flattery, reflecting influences from French literature and diplomacy. Over time, it has been used in English-speaking contexts to describe subtle manipulation, with similar evolution in Thai through borrowed concepts in modern language.

Literary References:

• From Shakespeare's "The Tempest": "I'll...cajole you, for I must." This line illustrates cajoling as a tool for manipulation in dramatic contexts. Source: William Shakespeare, The Tempest, Act 2, Scene 2.
• From modern literature: In F. Scott Fitzgerald's "The Great Gatsby," characters use cajoling tactics in social interactions, highlighting its role in 20th-century American culture. Source: F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby, Chapter 3.