Main Translations

English: Concession

Thai: การยอมรับ (gaan yom rab)

Phonetic: Gaan yom rab

Detailed Explanation: "Concession" primarily refers to an act of yielding or granting something, often in negotiations, agreements, or admissions. In usage scenarios, it conveys a sense of compromise or reluctant acceptance, carrying emotional connotations of diplomacy or defeat. For instance, in business or personal discussions, it implies giving ground to maintain harmony. Semantic nuances include its positive role in fostering relationships but negative undertones of loss or inequality, especially in competitive contexts like trade deals.

Thai: สัมปทาน (samphadaan)

Phonetic: Samphadaan

Detailed Explanation: This translation is used specifically in business, legal, or governmental contexts to mean a grant of rights, such as land or resources. Usage scenarios often involve formal agreements, like leasing public land for development. Emotionally, it can evoke neutrality or pragmatism, with semantic nuances highlighting economic benefits versus potential exploitation. In Thai culture, this term is common in discussions about infrastructure projects, emphasizing state control and public interest.

Overview of Usage Scenarios

"Concession" is a versatile noun used across various contexts, including business negotiations, everyday compromises, legal agreements, and social interactions. It typically involves yielding to demands for mutual benefit or to avoid conflict. In Thai, translations like "การยอมรับ" are used for personal or informal concessions, while "สัมปทาน" applies to formal, institutional scenarios. Common usage includes diplomatic talks, sales discounts, and admissions of fault, reflecting themes of flexibility and balance.

Example Sentences

Example Sentences in Different Scenarios

Business Scenario

English: The company made a concession on the price to close the deal quickly.

Thai: บริษัทได้ให้การยอมรับในราคาเพื่อปิดดีลอย่างรวดเร็ว (baan nakat daai hai gaan yom rab nai raakaa pheua bpit deel yang ruad reo).

Grammatical Breakdown: "The company" (subject, noun phrase) is the entity acting; "made a concession" (verb phrase with "made" as past tense of "make" and "concession" as direct object); "on the price" (prepositional phrase modifying "concession"); "to close the deal quickly" (infinitive phrase indicating purpose).

Structural Analysis: This is a simple declarative sentence with a subject-verb-object structure. The word "concession" functions as a noun, emphasizing action in a professional context, and highlights cause-effect relationships in negotiations.

Leisure Scenario

English: As a concession, the park offered free entry for children under 12.

Thai: ในฐานะการยอมรับ สวนสาธารณะได้มอบตั๋วเข้าฟรีสำหรับเด็กอายุต่ำกว่า 12 ปี (nai taana gaan yom rab suan saathaarana daai maaw dtaew khâo free saam haa dek aa yuu dtam gwaa 12 pee).

Grammatical Breakdown: "As a concession" (prepositional phrase introducing the sentence); "the park" (subject); "offered" (verb, past tense); "free entry" (direct object); "for children under 12" (prepositional phrase specifying recipients).

Structural Analysis: This compound sentence uses "as a concession" to set context, showing how the word implies a gesture of goodwill. It demonstrates concessional language in informal, recreational settings, linking to themes of accessibility and generosity.

Formal Occasion

English: During the debate, the politician made a concession about the policy's flaws.

Thai: ในระหว่างการอภิปราย นักการเมืองได้ให้สัมปทานเกี่ยวกับข้อบกพร่องของนโยบาย (nai baeang gaan aphiipraay nak gaan meung daai hai samphadaan gamlang khaaw bpk praawng khong nai yoh baai).

Grammatical Breakdown: "During the debate" (prepositional phrase); "the politician" (subject); "made a concession" (verb phrase); "about the policy's flaws" (prepositional phrase as object modifier).

Structural Analysis: A complex sentence with subordination, where "concession" acts as a noun indicating admission. This usage underscores formality and accountability in public discourse.

Informal Occasion

English: I gave a concession and let my friend choose the movie.

Thai: ฉันให้การยอมรับและปล่อยให้เพื่อนเลือกหนัง (chan hai gaan yom rab lae bploi hai pheuan leuk nang).

Grammatical Breakdown: "I" (subject); "gave a concession" (verb phrase); "and let my friend choose the movie" (coordinated clause with "and" as conjunction).

Structural Analysis: This is a coordinated sentence, illustrating "concession" in casual, relational contexts. It shows how the word promotes interpersonal harmony through simple, everyday compromises.

Example Sentences in Different Sentence Types

Declarative Sentence

English: The team accepted the concession gracefully.

Thai: ทีมงานยอมรับการยอมรับอย่างสง่างาม (dtim ngaan yom rab gaan yom rab yang sngaang aam).

Grammatical Breakdown: "The team" (subject); "accepted" (verb, past tense); "the concession" (direct object); "gracefully" (adverb modifying the verb).

Structural Analysis: Straightforward subject-verb-object structure, used to state facts about yielding in a neutral tone.

Interrogative Sentence

English: Will you make a concession on your demands?

Thai: คุณจะให้การยอมรับในความต้องการของคุณหรือไม่? (khun ja hai gaan yom rab nai khwaam dtong gaan khong khun reu mai?).

Grammatical Breakdown: "Will you" (auxiliary verb + subject for question formation); "make a concession" (verb phrase); "on your demands" (prepositional phrase).

Structural Analysis: Inverted structure typical of questions, where "concession" prompts negotiation, adding a layer of inquiry and persuasion.

Imperative Sentence

English: Make a concession to resolve the argument.

Thai: ให้การยอมรับเพื่อแก้ไขข้อโต้แย้ง (hai gaan yom rab pheua gaae khaai khaaw dtoh yaeng).

Grammatical Breakdown: "Make a concession" (imperative verb phrase); "to resolve the argument" (infinitive phrase as purpose).

Structural Analysis: Direct command form, urging action with "concession" as the key action, emphasizing urgency in conflicts.

Exclamatory Sentence

English: What a generous concession that was!

Thai: นั่นเป็นการยอมรับที่ใจกว้างมาก! (nan pen gaan yom rab thi jai gwaang mak!)

Grammatical Breakdown: "What a generous concession" (exclamation phrase); "that was" (verb phrase).

Structural Analysis: Emphatic structure to express surprise or admiration, with "concession" highlighting positive emotional impact.

Example Sentences of Different Difficulties

Simple Sentence

English: She offered a concession.

Thai: เธอเสนอการยอมรับ (ter sa ner gaan yom rab).

Grammatical Breakdown: "She" (subject); "offered" (verb); "a concession" (object).

Structural Analysis: Basic subject-verb-object form, ideal for beginners to understand core meaning.

Intermediate Sentence

English: Despite the pressure, he made a concession during the meeting.

Thai: แม้จะมีความกดดัน เขาก็ให้การยอมรับระหว่างการประชุม (mae ja mee khwaam krot dan, kao ga hai gaan yom rab baeang gaan bpra chum).

Grammatical Breakdown: "Despite the pressure" (subordinating clause); "he made a concession" (main clause); "during the meeting" (prepositional phrase).

Structural Analysis: Compound structure with contrast, showing "concession" in context of challenges.

Complex Sentence

English: Although they initially resisted, the negotiations led to a significant concession that changed the outcome.

Thai: แม้จะต่อต้านในตอนแรก การเจรจานำไปสู่การยอมรับที่สำคัญซึ่งเปลี่ยนแปลงผลลัพธ์ (mae ja dtorr taan nai dton raak, gaan jor jaa nam bpai suu gaan yom rab thi saksit tee ching bpah lang phal lap).

Grammatical Breakdown: "Although they initially resisted" (subordinate clause); "the negotiations led to a significant concession" (main clause); "that changed the outcome" (relative clause).

Structural Analysis: Multi-clause structure, illustrating nuanced use of "concession" in advanced scenarios like diplomacy.

Related Phrases and Expressions

Synonyms/Near Synonyms:

• Compromise – Often used interchangeably with "concession" in negotiations, implying mutual agreement to resolve disputes.
• Allowance – Refers to a granted permission or discount, similar to "concession" in contexts like pricing or rules.

Antonyms:

• Refusal – The opposite of "concession," indicating rejection of demands, often in stubborn or confrontational scenarios.
• Denial – Used when something is outright rejected, contrasting with the yielding nature of "concession."

Common Collocations:

• Make a concession – Commonly used in discussions to mean yielding in an argument, e.g., in business talks for better deals.
• Concession stand – Refers to a booth selling snacks at events, highlighting a casual, commercial usage in leisure settings.

Cultural Background and Usage Habits

Cultural Background:

• Cultural Point 1: In Thai culture, concessions are deeply tied to the concept of "kreng jai" (ความเกรงใจ), which emphasizes avoiding conflict and maintaining social harmony. For example, making a concession in family or business dealings is seen as a virtuous act, reflecting Buddhist influences on patience and empathy.

Usage Habits:

• Habit 1: "Concession" and its Thai equivalents are frequently used in everyday conversations among professionals and in media, with high popularity in urban areas like Bangkok. It's more common among adults in formal groups, such as businesspeople or diplomats, but less so in youth culture, where directness is preferred.

Grammar Explanation

Grammatical Function: "Concession" primarily functions as a noun, serving as a subject, object, or part of a prepositional phrase in sentences. For example, it can be the direct object in "We accepted the concession" or part of a compound noun like "price concession."

Tense and Voice: As a noun, "concession" does not change with tense; however, it appears in verb phrases like "make a concession" (active voice) or "a concession was made" (passive voice). In passive constructions, it emphasizes the result rather than the actor, e.g., "A concession was granted by the government."

References

Etymology and History:

The word "concession" originates from the Latin "concessio," meaning "a granting," derived from "concedere" (to yield or give way). It evolved in English during the 15th century, initially in legal contexts, and later expanded to include compromises and discounts. In Thai, "การยอมรับ" draws from traditional concepts of yielding in hierarchical societies, while "สัมปทาน" was influenced by colonial-era agreements in the 19th century.

Literary References:

• In William Shakespeare's "Henry IV, Part 1," the line "I must make a concession to my enemies" illustrates strategic yielding in warfare. Source: Shakespeare, W. (1597). Henry IV, Part 1.
• In modern Thai literature, such as in the novel "Four Reigns" by Kukrit Pramoj, concessions reflect cultural adaptations during political changes. Source: Pramoj, K. (1953). Four Reigns.