Main Translations

English: Condemn

Thai: ประณาม (Pranaam)

Phonetic: [Pronaaam] (pronounced with a rising tone on the first syllable, emphasizing disapproval)

Detailed Explanation: The word "condemn" is a verb primarily used to express strong disapproval, criticism, or judgment against something, such as an action, behavior, or idea. In usage scenarios, it often appears in formal contexts like legal proceedings, moral debates, or public statements. Emotionally, it carries a negative connotation, implying moral outrage or ethical rejection. For example, in political discourse, one might condemn a policy for its human rights violations. Semantically, it nuances toward permanence or severity, suggesting that the subject is not just criticized but deemed unworthy or punishable. In Thai, "ประณาม" mirrors this intensity, commonly used in media, speeches, or social discussions to highlight societal wrongs, with a cultural emphasis on collective harmony disrupted by the condemned act.

Thai: ตำหนิ (Tamni)

Phonetic: [Tahm-nee] (pronounced with a neutral tone, softer than ประณาม)

Detailed Explanation: As a secondary translation, "ตำหนิ" means to blame, criticize, or point out faults, but it is less forceful than "ประณาม." It is used in everyday scenarios, such as personal conversations or educational settings, where the emotional connotation is milder—more corrective than condemnatory. For instance, a teacher might "ตำหนิ" a student for minor mistakes. Semantically, it focuses on specific flaws rather than broad moral judgment, making it suitable for informal or developmental contexts. In Thai culture, this word reflects a preference for indirect criticism to maintain face, often avoiding outright confrontation.

Overview of Usage Scenarios

The word "condemn" is versatile and appears in various contexts, primarily as a verb expressing disapproval. Its main usage scenarios include legal and ethical judgments (e.g., court rulings), social commentary (e.g., public protests), personal criticisms (e.g., interpersonal conflicts), and formal declarations (e.g., business ethics statements). In Thai translations like "ประณาม" or "ตำหนิ," it adapts to cultural norms, often emphasizing community values or hierarchical respect. Overall, it conveys authority and negativity, making it common in persuasive or authoritative language.

Example Sentences

Example Sentences in Different Scenarios

Business Scenario

English: The board of directors condemns the fraudulent activities reported in the financial audit.

Thai: คณะกรรมการบริหารประณามกิจกรรมฉ้อโกงที่รายงานในรายงานตรวจสอบการเงิน (Khana kammakan borihan pranaam kitjakam cha-ong thi rai-rap nai rai-ngan truat-som kan-ngern).

Grammatical Breakdown: "The board of directors" (subject, noun phrase) + "condemns" (verb, present simple tense, third person singular) + "the fraudulent activities" (direct object, noun phrase) + "reported in the financial audit" (prepositional phrase modifying the object). This structure uses active voice for direct accusation.

Structural Analysis: This sentence follows a subject-verb-object (SVO) pattern, common in English business communication. It employs formal language to assert authority, with "condemns" highlighting ethical stance, making it SEO-relevant for searches like "condemn in business ethics."

Leisure Scenario

English: I condemn cheating in online games because it ruins the fun for everyone.

Thai: ฉันตำหนิการโกงในเกมออนไลน์เพราะมันทำลายความสนุกสำหรับทุกคน (Chan tamni kan-ong nai gem online phroo man tham-lai khwam-sanoek sam-rab thuk khon).

Grammatical Breakdown: "I" (subject, first person pronoun) + "condemn" (verb, present simple tense) + "cheating in online games" (direct object, gerund phrase) + "because it ruins the fun for everyone" (subordinate clause, explaining reason). The sentence uses a causal conjunction for elaboration.

Structural Analysis: This is a compound sentence with a main clause and a subordinate clause, suitable for casual discussions. "Condemn" adds emotional weight, aligning with leisure contexts where fairness is key, optimizing for keywords like "condemn cheating."

Formal Occasion

English: The United Nations condemns the violation of human rights in conflict zones.

Thai: สหประชาชาติประณามการละเมิดสิทธิมนุษยชนในเขตความขัดแย้ง (Sa-prachachat pranaam kan-la-meid sitthi manutchon nai khet khwam-khat-yaeng).

Grammatical Breakdown: "The United Nations" (subject, proper noun) + "condemns" (verb, present simple tense) + "the violation of human rights" (direct object, noun phrase) + "in conflict zones" (prepositional phrase). It uses definite articles for specificity.

Structural Analysis: An SVO structure with formal tone, ideal for diplomatic language. "Condemns" emphasizes global authority, enhancing SEO for "condemn human rights violations."

Informal Occasion

English: I have to condemn your decision to skip the meeting; it was irresponsible.

Thai: ฉันต้องตำหนิการตัดสินใจของคุณที่จะข้ามการประชุมเพราะมันไม่รับผิดชอบ (Chan tong tamni kan-tat-sin-chai khong khun thi ja kham kan-prachum phroo man mai rap-phit-chop).

Grammatical Breakdown: "I" (subject) + "have to condemn" (verb phrase, modal auxiliary + infinitive) + "your decision" (direct object) + "to skip the meeting" (infinitive phrase) + "; it was irresponsible" (independent clause). This includes a semicolon for connection.

Structural Analysis: A complex sentence with modal verbs for obligation, fitting informal critiques. It builds on "condemn" to express personal opinion, relevant for searches like "condemn in daily life."

Example Sentences in Different Sentence Types

Declarative Sentence

English: The government condemns terrorism as a threat to global peace.

Thai: รัฐบาลประณามการก่อการร้ายว่าเป็นภัยคุกคามต่อสันติภาพโลก (Rat-ban pranaam kan-ko-kan-rai wa pen phai khuk-kham tor santi-phap lok).

Grammatical Breakdown: "The government" (subject) + "condemns" (verb) + "terrorism" (object) + "as a threat to global peace" (complement phrase). Declarative sentences state facts.

Structural Analysis: Straightforward SVO, used for assertions; optimizes for "condemn terrorism examples."

Interrogative Sentence

English: Do you condemn the actions of the protesters?

Thai: คุณประณามการกระทำของผู้ประท้วงหรือไม่ (Khun pranaam kan-kra-tham khong phu-prat-twong rue mai).

Grammatical Breakdown: "Do you" (auxiliary verb + subject) + "condemn" (main verb) + "the actions of the protesters" (object). Question word order inverts subject and auxiliary.

Structural Analysis: Yes/no question format, engaging dialogue; SEO-friendly for "how to use condemn in questions."

Imperative Sentence

English: Condemn injustice wherever you see it.

Thai: ประณามความอยุติธรรมทุกที่ที่คุณเห็น (Pranaam khwam-a-yut-titham thuk thi thi khun hen).

Grammatical Breakdown: "Condemn" (imperative verb) + "injustice" (object) + "wherever you see it" (adverbial clause). No explicit subject, as it's a command.

Structural Analysis: Direct command structure, motivational; relevant for "imperative use of condemn."

Exclamatory Sentence

English: I strongly condemn this betrayal!

Thai: ฉันประณามการทรยศนี้อย่างรุนแรง! (Chan pranaam kan-tor-yot ni yang run-raeng!)

Grammatical Breakdown: "I" (subject) + "strongly condemn" (verb phrase with adverb) + "this betrayal" (object) + "!" (exclamation mark for emphasis).

Structural Analysis: Emphasizes emotion through exclamation; useful for dramatic contexts, optimizing for "exclamatory condemn sentences."

Example Sentences of Different Difficulties

Simple Sentence

English: We condemn violence.

Thai: เราประณามความรุนแรง (Rao pranaam khwam-run-raeng).

Grammatical Breakdown: "We" (subject) + "condemn" (verb) + "violence" (object). Basic SVO structure.

Structural Analysis: Straightforward for beginners; SEO for "simple condemn examples."

Intermediate Sentence

English: The community condemns pollution because it affects health.

Thai: ชุมชนประณามมลพิษเพราะมันส่งผลต่อสุขภาพ (Chumchon pranaam mol-phit phroo man song-phon tor sukhaphap).

Grammatical Breakdown: "The community" (subject) + "condemns" (verb) + "pollution" (object) + "because it affects health" (subordinate clause).

Structural Analysis: Includes a reason clause, building complexity; good for intermediate learners.

Complex Sentence

English: Although the law condemns bribery, enforcement remains weak in many countries.

Thai: แม้ว่ากฎหมายจะประณามการติดสินบน แต่การบังคับใช้ยังอ่อนแอในหลายประเทศ (Maew-wa kot-mai ja pranaam kan-tit-sin-bon tae kan-bang-khob-chai yang on-rae nai laai prathet).

Grammatical Breakdown: "Although the law condemns bribery" (subordinate clause) + "enforcement remains weak" (main clause) + "in many countries" (prepositional phrase).

Structural Analysis: Uses conjunctions for contrast, suitable for advanced usage; optimizes for "complex condemn sentences."

Related Phrases and Expressions

Synonyms/Near Synonyms:

• Denounce – Used to publicly criticize or accuse, often in formal settings, similar to condemn but with more vocal opposition (e.g., "The leader denounced the policy.").
• Censure – Implies formal disapproval, like in parliamentary contexts, with a focus on official rebuke (e.g., "The committee censured the official.").

Antonyms:

• Praise – The opposite, expressing approval or admiration (e.g., "The team praised the effort.").
• Commend – Involves recommending or approving, often officially (e.g., "The judge commended the witness.").

Common Collocations:

• Condemn to death – Refers to a legal sentence of execution, emphasizing severe judgment (e.g., used in historical or legal discussions).
• Condemn actions – Typically criticizes specific behaviors, common in ethical debates (e.g., "Activists condemn actions against the environment.").

Cultural Background and Usage Habits

Cultural Background:

• Cultural Point 1: In Western cultures, "condemn" is often direct and individualistic, reflecting values of free speech and accountability, as seen in public protests or media. In Thai culture, however, equivalents like "ประณาม" may be used more cautiously to avoid conflict, aligning with the concept of "kreng jai" (consideration for others), where indirect criticism is preferred to preserve social harmony.

Usage Habits:

• Habit 1: "Condemn" and its Thai translations are frequently used in formal media and official statements, popular among educators, journalists, and activists. It is less common in everyday casual talk due to its strong negative tone, with higher frequency in urban or educated groups who engage in social issues.

Grammar Explanation

Grammatical Function: "Condemn" functions primarily as a transitive verb, requiring a direct object (e.g., "condemn an action"). It can also act as part of a verb phrase in more complex sentences, such as in passive voice (e.g., "The act was condemned").

Tense and Voice: In different tenses, it changes as follows: present (condemn), past (condemned), future (will condemn), and progressive (is condemning). In voice, it is active by default (e.g., "We condemn it"), but can be passive (e.g., "It was condemned by the court"), allowing flexibility in sentence construction.

References

Etymology and History:

The word "condemn" originates from the Latin "condemnare," meaning "to sentence" or "to blame," combining "con-" (together) and "damnare" (to harm or condemn). It evolved through Old French into Middle English by the 14th century, initially used in legal contexts and later expanding to moral judgments. In Thai, "ประณาม" derives from Sanskrit influences, reflecting historical ties to Indian philosophy and ethics.

Literary References:

• From William Shakespeare's "Romeo and Juliet": "I do condemn thee to eternal night" – This line from Act 3 illustrates condemn as a dramatic judgment, emphasizing fate and morality.
• From modern literature, in George Orwell's "1984": "The Party condemns individualism" – This highlights condemn in a socio-political context, critiquing authoritarianism.