cone

บริษัทใช้กรวยส้มเพื่อทำเครื่องหมายบริเวณก่อสร้างและเพื่อความปลอดภัยของคนงาน - Thai translation

Main Translations

English: cone

This word refers to a three-dimensional geometric shape with a circular base that tapers to a point, or to objects shaped like this, such as an ice cream cone or a traffic cone. It is a neutral noun with practical, everyday applications.

Thai: กรวย (gruay)

Phonetic: gruay (pronounced with a rising tone on the first syllable)

Detailed Explanation: In Thai, "กรวย" is the primary translation for "cone" and is commonly used for physical objects like traffic cones or ice cream cones. It carries neutral emotional connotations and is versatile in everyday contexts. Usage scenarios include road safety (e.g., traffic cones) and food (e.g., ice cream). Semantically, it emphasizes the shape's functionality rather than its abstract form, making it more practical than mathematical.

Thai: ทรงกรวย (sǒng-gruay)

Phonetic: sǒng-gruay (pronounced with a mid tone on "sǒng" and a rising tone on "gruay")

Detailed Explanation: This secondary translation is more specific to the geometric or mathematical concept of a cone. It is used in educational or technical contexts, such as in mathematics or engineering. Emotionally, it has a neutral to positive connotation in learning environments, symbolizing precision and structure. Semantically, it highlights the shape's properties (e.g., volume and surface area calculations), differing from "กรวย" by focusing on abstraction rather than tangible objects.

Overview of Usage Scenarios

The word "cone" is primarily used as a noun in various contexts, including everyday objects (e.g., traffic or ice cream cones), mathematical descriptions, and cultural references. In English and Thai, it appears in practical scenarios like road safety, leisure activities, and formal education. Its usage is straightforward and context-dependent, often evoking ideas of direction, containment, or simplicity. For instance, in business, it relates to safety equipment; in leisure, to food; and in formal settings, to geometry.

Example Sentences

Example Sentences in Different Scenarios

Business Scenario

English: The company used orange cones to mark the construction zone and ensure worker safety.

Thai: บริษัทใช้กรวยส้มเพื่อทำเครื่องหมายบริเวณก่อสร้างและเพื่อความปลอดภัยของคนงาน (baanchrkhaa chii chai gruay som pheua tham khrueang maanak boriwen gàot-sàang lae pheua khwaam plod-sàap khong khon-ngaan)

Grammatical Breakdown: "The company" (subject, noun phrase) + "used" (verb in past tense) + "orange cones" (direct object, noun) + "to mark" (infinitive phrase indicating purpose) + "the construction zone" (object of the infinitive) + "and ensure" (conjunction linking purposes) + "worker safety" (noun phrase).

Structural Analysis: This is a compound sentence with a main clause and infinitive phrases. It demonstrates "cone" as a direct object in a professional context, emphasizing functionality and safety in business communication.

Leisure Scenario

English: We enjoyed a delicious ice cream cone while walking along the beach.

Thai: เราชอบกินกรวยไอศกรีมอร่อยๆ ขณะเดินเล่นตามชายหาด (rao chôp gin gruay ais-kreem à-ròi à-ròi khana waan lên dtaam chaai-hàat)

Grammatical Breakdown: "We" (subject, pronoun) + "enjoyed" (verb in past tense) + "a delicious ice cream cone" (direct object, noun phrase with adjective) + "while walking" (subordinate clause indicating time).

Structural Analysis: This is a complex sentence with a dependent clause. "Cone" functions as part of a compound noun ("ice cream cone"), highlighting casual, sensory experiences in leisure settings.

Formal Occasion

English: In geometry class, the teacher explained the formula for the volume of a cone.

Thai: ในชั้นเรียนเรขาคณิต ครูอธิบายสูตรสำหรับปริมาตรของทรงกรวย (nai chán riian rekhakaanit khruu à-thì-bai sùt sǎm-ráap pà-rí-maat khǎng sǒng-gruay)

Grammatical Breakdown: "In geometry class" (prepositional phrase) + "the teacher" (subject) + "explained" (verb in past tense) + "the formula" (direct object) + "for the volume of a cone" (prepositional phrase modifying object).

Structural Analysis: This declarative sentence uses "cone" in a technical context, with a prepositional phrase for specificity, suitable for educational or formal discourse.

Informal Occasion

English: Hey, grab that cone of cotton candy before it melts!

Thai: เฮ้ย เอากรวยลูกกวาดฝ้ายก่อนที่มันจะละลายนะ (hěy ao gruay luuk-kwàat fàai kon thí man ja la-lai na)

Grammatical Breakdown: "Hey" (interjection) + "grab" (imperative verb) + "that cone of cotton candy" (direct object, noun phrase) + "before it melts" (subordinate clause).

Structural Analysis: This is an imperative sentence with an exclamatory tone. "Cone" is used informally to describe a fun object, making it relatable in casual conversations.

Example Sentences in Different Sentence Types

Declarative Sentence

English: A pine cone fell from the tree during the storm.

Thai: กรวยสนตกลงมาจากต้นไม้ระหว่างพายุ (gruay sǒn dtok long maa jàak dtôn mái baàn ràn pa-yu)

Grammatical Breakdown: "A pine cone" (subject) + "fell" (verb in past tense) + "from the tree" (prepositional phrase) + "during the storm" (prepositional phrase).

Structural Analysis: Simple declarative structure; "cone" acts as a modifier in a noun phrase, stating a fact.

Interrogative Sentence

English: Do you have any traffic cones for the event setup?

Thai: คุณมีกรวยจราจรสำหรับการจัดงานหรือไม่ (khun mii gruay ja-rà-jàn sǎm-ràp gaan jàt ngaan rẽu mâi)

Grammatical Breakdown: "Do you have" (auxiliary verb + subject + main verb) + "any traffic cones" (object) + "for the event setup" (prepositional phrase) + "or not" (tag question).

Structural Analysis: Yes/no question format; "cone" is part of a compound noun, used to seek information.

Imperative Sentence

English: Place the cone in the center of the room for the demonstration.

Thai: วางกรวยไว้ตรงกลางห้องสำหรับการสาธิต (waang gruay wái dtrong glaang hàng sǎm-ràp gaan sà-thìt)

Grammatical Breakdown: "Place" (imperative verb) + "the cone" (direct object) + "in the center of the room" (prepositional phrase) + "for the demonstration" (purpose phrase).

Structural Analysis: Direct command; "cone" serves as the object, instructing action.

Exclamatory Sentence

English: What a perfect cone shape that sculpture has!

Thai: ช่างเป็นทรงกรวยที่สมบูรณ์แบบจริงๆ! (chàng bpen sǒng-gruay thí sǒm-bùn-dtàek jing-jing!)

Grammatical Breakdown: "What a perfect cone shape" (exclamation phrase) + "that sculpture has" (subject + verb).

Structural Analysis: Exclamatory structure for emphasis; "cone" describes a quality, adding emotional intensity.

Example Sentences of Different Difficulties

Simple Sentence

English: I see a cone.

Thai: ฉันเห็นกรวย (chǎn hen gruay)

Grammatical Breakdown: "I" (subject) + "see" (verb) + "a cone" (object).

Structural Analysis: Basic subject-verb-object structure; ideal for beginners.

Intermediate Sentence

English: The cone on the road warns drivers of danger.

Thai: กรวยบนถนนเตือนคนขับรถเกี่ยวกับอันตราย (gruay bon thà-non tèuan khon khàp ròt wê-là-gwàn àn-dtràai)

Grammatical Breakdown: "The cone" (subject) + "on the road" (prepositional phrase) + "warns" (verb) + "drivers" (object) + "of danger" (prepositional phrase).

Structural Analysis: Compound elements add depth; suitable for intermediate learners.

Complex Sentence

English: Although the cone was small, it played a crucial role in directing traffic during the rush hour.

Thai: แม้ว่ากรวยจะเล็กแต่ก็มีบทบาทสำคัญในการนำทางจราจรในชั่วโมงเร่งด่วน (mâe wàa gruay ja lék tàe gò mii bàt-bàat sǎm-kan nai gaan ná thàang ja-rà-jàn nai chûa mòng rêng-dùn)

Grammatical Breakdown: "Although the cone was small" (subordinate clause) + "it" (subject) + "played" (verb) + "a crucial role" (object) + "in directing traffic" (prepositional phrase) + "during the rush hour" (prepositional phrase).

Structural Analysis: Multi-clause structure with concession; challenges advanced users.

Related Phrases and Expressions

Synonyms/Near Synonyms:

Funnel – Often used interchangeably with "cone" in contexts like liquid pouring, but implies a wider opening (e.g., "A funnel shapes like a cone").
Pine cone – A natural synonym referring to the seed structure of pine trees, evoking outdoor or botanical themes.

Antonyms:

Sphere – Represents a round, non-tapered shape, contrasting with the pointed form of a cone (e.g., "A sphere lacks the directionality of a cone").
Cube – A block-shaped form, emphasizing straight edges over curves (e.g., "A cube is the opposite of a cone in geometry").

Common Collocations:

Traffic cone – Used in safety contexts to block or guide, as in "Set up traffic cones for the event" (common in urban planning).
Ice cream cone – Refers to edible holders, as in "Buy an ice cream cone at the fair" (popular in leisure and food culture).

Cultural Background and Usage Habits

Cultural Background:

Cultural Point 1: In Thai culture, cones (e.g., "กรวย") are often associated with festivals and daily life, such as using traffic cones during Songkran water festivals for crowd control. This reflects Thailand's emphasis on community safety and practicality, where "cone" symbolizes order in chaotic settings.

Usage Habits:

Habit 1: "Cone" is frequently used in Thailand among urban dwellers and drivers due to heavy traffic, making it a common term in everyday conversations. It is popular in informal groups like construction workers or tourists, with high frequency in visual media like road safety campaigns.

Grammar Explanation

Grammatical Function: "Cone" primarily functions as a countable noun, serving as a subject, object, or part of a prepositional phrase (e.g., subject in "The cone fell"; object in "I bought a cone"). It can also modify other nouns in compounds like "traffic cone."

Tense and Voice: As a noun, "cone" does not change with tense. However, in sentences, it appears in various verb tenses (e.g., "The cone is used" in present tense). In passive voice, it might be the object, as in "The cone was placed by the workers," where the focus shifts to the action.

References

Etymology and History:

The English word "cone" originates from the Latin "conus," meaning a pine cone or conical shape, which evolved through Old French "cone" in the 15th century. In Thai, "กรวย" derives from ancient influences, possibly from Sanskrit or local dialects, reflecting Southeast Asian geometric concepts in traditional architecture.

Literary References:

From Lewis Carroll's "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland" (1865): "The cone-shaped hat made her look like a wizard," illustrating "cone" in imaginative contexts. Source: Carroll, Lewis. Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. Macmillan.
In modern Thai literature, such as in stories by Sidaoruang, cones appear metaphorically: "The grung [cone] of life narrows to a point," symbolizing fate. Source: Sidaoruang. Collected Short Stories. Amarin Printing.