Main Translations

• English: Contain
• Thai: บรรจุ (Primary Translation 1)
• Phonetic: Ban-jù (Romanized pronunciation)
• Detailed Explanation: The Thai word "บรรจุ" is commonly used to describe the act of holding, enclosing, or including something within a physical or metaphorical space. It often applies to literal scenarios, such as packaging or storage, and carries neutral emotional connotations. Semantic nuances include a sense of capacity or limitation, emphasizing what can be held inside without overflow. For example, it's frequently used in everyday contexts like shipping or inventory management, reflecting a practical, functional tone in Thai language usage.
• Thai: ควบคุม (Secondary Translation 2)
• Phonetic: Khûap khum (Romanized pronunciation)
• Detailed Explanation: "ควบคุม" translates to containing in the sense of controlling, restraining, or suppressing something, such as emotions, a situation, or a spread (e.g., a disease). It has subtle emotional connotations of discipline or prevention, often implying a proactive effort to maintain order. Semantic nuances highlight restraint over abundance, and it's commonly used in formal or urgent contexts like public health or conflict resolution. In Thai culture, this word aligns with values of harmony and self-control, making it popular in educational and professional settings.

Overview of Usage Scenarios

The word "contain" is a versatile verb primarily used to denote holding, enclosing, or controlling elements. Its main usage scenarios include physical containment (e.g., a container holding items), metaphorical control (e.g., containing costs or emotions), and inclusion (e.g., a document containing data). In English, it's neutral and adaptable across contexts, while in Thai translations like "บรรจุ" or "ควบคุม," it reflects cultural emphases on practicality and restraint. Common scenarios span everyday life, business, and formal communications, making it essential for language learners and professionals.

Example Sentences

Example Sentences in Different Scenarios

Business Scenario

• English: This email contains confidential financial data that should not be shared.
• Thai: อีเมลนี้บรรจุข้อมูลทางการเงินที่เป็นความลับซึ่งไม่ควรแบ่งปัน (E-mail née ban-jù khâo-khwām tàang kân-thèng thîi bpen khwaam-lùp sùt mâi khuan bàeng-pà-năn).
• Grammatical Breakdown: "This email" (subject) is the noun phrase; "contains" (verb, present simple tense) acts as the transitive verb; "confidential financial data" (direct object) is the noun phrase; "that should not be shared" (relative clause) modifies the object with a modal verb "should."
• Structural Analysis: The sentence follows a subject-verb-object (SVO) structure, common in English business communication. It uses "contains" to emphasize inclusion, highlighting security protocols. In Thai, the structure is more flexible, with the verb "บรรจุ" placed early for emphasis, aligning with Thai's topic-comment style.

Leisure Scenario

• English: The backpack contains snacks, a water bottle, and a map for our hiking trip.
• Thai: เป้สะพายหลังบรรจุขนม น้ำดื่ม และแผนที่สำหรับทริปเดินป่า (Bpe sà-phǎai lang ban-jù khnŏm, nám dûem, láe bpen-thî sǎm-ràp tríp dâen bpâa).
• Grammatical Breakdown: "The backpack" (subject) is a definite noun; "contains" (verb) lists items in the direct object ("snacks, a water bottle, and a map"); "for our hiking trip" (prepositional phrase) provides context.
• Structural Analysis: This is a simple declarative sentence with a compound object, ideal for casual descriptions. In Thai, "บรรจุ" maintains the listing style, but the sentence starts with the subject for clarity, reflecting informal Thai conversation patterns.

Formal Occasion

• English: The treaty aims to contain the spread of nuclear weapons globally.
• Thai: สนธิสัญญามีจุดมุ่งหมายเพื่อควบคุมการแพร่กระจายของอาวุธนิวเคลียร์ทั่วโลก (Sà-ná-thí-sǎ-nya mee jùt mung mâi pêu khûap khum gaan phrɛ̀ krà-jai khǎwng â-wùth niu-khliar thùat lók).
• Grammatical Breakdown: "The treaty" (subject); "aims to contain" (verb phrase with infinitive); "the spread of nuclear weapons globally" (object with modifiers).
• Structural Analysis: The sentence uses a formal SVO structure with an infinitive clause for purpose. "Contain" here implies control, suitable for diplomatic language. In Thai, "ควบคุม" is used for its authoritative tone, with the sentence structured to prioritize the main action.

Informal Occasion

• English: My phone case contains a screen protector and some stickers.
• Thai: ฝาครอบโทรศัพท์ของฉันบรรจุแผ่นป้องกันจอและสติกเกอร์บางตัว (Fǎa-króp troh-sàp khǎwng chăn ban-jù phɛ̂n bpong-dɛn jor láe sà-tík-gəə bâang dtua).
• Grammatical Breakdown: "My phone case" (subject with possessive); "contains" (verb); "a screen protector and some stickers" (compound object).
• Structural Analysis: Informal SVO structure with everyday vocabulary. "Contains" lists items casually. In Thai, the possessive "ของฉัน" adds a personal touch, making it conversational.

Example Sentences in Different Sentence Types

Declarative Sentence

• English: The box contains old photographs from our family vacation.
• Thai: กล่องนี้บรรจุภาพเก่าจากทริปครอบครัวของเรา (Glòng née ban-jù phâap gâo jàak tríp kràwp-khrua khǎwng rao).
• Grammatical Breakdown: Subject ("The box"); verb ("contains"); object ("old photographs from our family vacation").
• Structural Analysis: Straightforward declarative form for stating facts, with "contains" indicating inclusion.

Interrogative Sentence

• English: Does this folder contain the latest reports?
• Thai: โฟลเดอร์นี้บรรจุรายงานล่าสุดหรือไม่ (Fo-lə̂-dəə née ban-jù ra-ya-worn lâa-sùt rûe mâi).
• Grammatical Breakdown: Auxiliary verb ("Does"); subject ("this folder"); main verb ("contain"); object ("the latest reports").
• Structural Analysis: Question structure inverts subject and auxiliary for inquiry. In Thai, it ends with "หรือไม่" for questioning.

Imperative Sentence

• English: Please contain your excitement until the surprise is revealed.
• Thai: กรุณาควบคุมความตื่นเต้นของคุณจนกว่าจะมีการเปิดเผยเรื่องเซอร์ไพรส์ (Gà-rú-na khûap khum khwaam dtùn-dten khǎwng khun jùn gùn jà mii gaan bpə̂ən phrə̂y rûang sə̂-sà-prai).
• Grammatical Breakdown: Imperative form with "Please" (polite modifier); verb ("contain"); object ("your excitement").
• Structural Analysis: Commands use base verb form; "contain" suggests restraint. Thai version adds politeness with "กรุณา."

Exclamatory Sentence

• English: This recipe contains so many ingredients!
• Thai: สูตรนี้บรรจุส่วนผสมมากมายเลย! (Sùt née ban-jù sùn phà-som mâak-mǎi loei!)
• Grammatical Breakdown: Subject ("This recipe"); verb ("contains"); object ("so many ingredients"); exclamation mark for emphasis.
• Structural Analysis: Exclamatory tone amplifies surprise; "contains" highlights quantity. Thai uses "เลย" for emphasis.

Example Sentences of Different Difficulties

Simple Sentence

• English: The bag contains books.
• Thai: กระเป๋าบรรจุหนังสือ (Gra-bpao ban-jù nǎng-sĕu).
• Grammatical Breakdown: Subject ("The bag"); verb ("contains"); object ("books").
• Structural Analysis: Basic SVO structure for beginners.

Intermediate Sentence

• English: The medicine cabinet contains pills that help with pain relief.
• Thai: ตู้ยาบรรจุยาเม็ดที่ช่วยบรรเทาความเจ็บปวด (Dtoo yaa ban-jù yaa met thîi chûai ban-dtree khwaam jeb bpùt).
• Grammatical Breakdown: Subject ("The medicine cabinet"); verb ("contains"); object ("pills that help with pain relief") with relative clause.
• Structural Analysis: Adds a clause for detail, building complexity.

Complex Sentence

• English: Although the jar is small, it contains a variety of spices that enhance the flavor of our meals.
• Thai: แม้กระทั่งขวดจะเล็กแต่ก็บรรจุเครื่องเทศหลากหลายชนิดที่ช่วยเพิ่มรสชาติของมื้ออาหารของเรา (Mɛ̀ krà-thûng khùt jà lék dtàe gò ban-jù krûeang dted lâak yaang chon thîi chûai pɛ̂ng rót chá thîw mʉ̂a aa-hǎan khǎwng rao).
• Grammatical Breakdown: Subordinate clause ("Although the jar is small"); main clause ("it contains a variety of spices that enhance the flavor").
• Structural Analysis: Uses conjunctions for contrast and detail, suitable for advanced users.

Related Phrases and Expressions

Synonyms/Near Synonyms:

• Hold – Used similarly to contain physical items, e.g., "The box holds fragile items."
• Include – Refers to incorporating elements, e.g., "The package includes extras."

Antonyms:

• Release – Implies letting go, opposite of containing, e.g., "The valve releases pressure."
• Exclude – Means to leave out, contrasting with inclusion, e.g., "The list excludes unnecessary details."

Common Collocations:

• Contain costs – Refers to controlling expenses in business contexts.
• Contain a virus – Used in health or tech scenarios to mean preventing spread.

Cultural Background and Usage Habits

Cultural Background:

• Cultural Point 1: In Thai culture, the concept of "containing" (e.g., via "ควบคุม") often ties to Buddhist principles of moderation and self-restraint, emphasizing balance in daily life. For instance, containing emotions is valued to maintain "sanuk" (fun and harmony), influencing its use in social interactions.

Usage Habits:

• Habit 1: "Contain" and its Thai equivalents are frequently used in urban, professional settings among younger demographics, with high popularity in digital content like social media posts. It's less common in rural areas but appears in educational materials, reflecting its everyday utility.

Grammar Explanation

• Grammatical Function: "Contain" functions as a transitive verb, typically taking a direct object (e.g., "The bottle contains water"). It can act as the main verb in a sentence or part of a phrase, such as in passive constructions (e.g., "Water is contained in the bottle").
• Tense and Voice: "Contain" changes with tenses: present (contain), past (contained), future (will contain), and progressive (is containing). In voice, it's active by default (e.g., "The box contains toys") but can be passive (e.g., "Toys are contained in the box"), allowing flexibility in sentence construction.

References

Etymology and History:

The word "contain" originates from the Latin "continere," meaning "to hold together," evolving through Old French "contenir" into Middle English. Its history reflects themes of enclosure and control, first recorded in the 14th century, and it has adapted to modern contexts like science and technology.

Literary References:

• In George Orwell's "1984," the phrase "The past is contained in the records" highlights control and memory, symbolizing authoritarian themes.
• From Shakespeare's "Hamlet," "This is I, Hamlet the Dane," indirectly relates to containment of identity, though not direct; for a closer match, modern works like Ray Bradbury's "Fahrenheit 451" use "contain" in contexts of knowledge preservation.