Main Translations

• English: Cross
• Thai: ข้าม (Primary Translation 1)
• Phonetic: Kham (Romanized as "kham")
• Detailed Explanation: This translation is primarily used as a verb, referring to the action of moving from one side to another, such as crossing a street or a border. It carries a neutral or practical connotation in everyday scenarios, emphasizing movement or transition. In Thai culture, "ข้าม" is commonly used in literal contexts like traffic or travel, but it can also imply overcoming obstacles metaphorically, evoking a sense of determination or progress. For SEO purposes, this word is key for searches like "cross word meaning in Thai."
• Thai: ไม้กางเขน (Secondary Translation 2)
• Phonetic: Mai kang kheun (Romanized as "mai kang kheun")
• Detailed Explanation: This translation is used as a noun, referring to a cross-shaped object, often in a religious or symbolic context, such as the Christian cross. It has emotional and cultural connotations of faith, sacrifice, and spirituality. In Thai society, where Buddhism is predominant, "ไม้กางเขน" is associated with Christian communities and may appear in contexts like churches or holidays, but it can also symbolize intersection or conflict in non-religious uses. This adds semantic nuance for users searching "cross in Thai culture."

Overview of Usage Scenarios

The word "cross" is versatile and appears in various contexts, depending on its part of speech (verb, noun, or adjective). As a verb, it often denotes physical or metaphorical movement (e.g., crossing a bridge). As a noun, it refers to a shape or symbol (e.g., in religion). As an adjective, it means angry or annoyed. In Thai, translations adapt to these uses, with "ข้าม" for actions and "ไม้กางเขน" for symbols. Common scenarios include daily interactions, business decisions, leisure activities, and cultural events, making "cross" a high-search term for language learners and cultural enthusiasts.

Example Sentences

Example Sentences in Different Scenarios

Business Scenario

• English: We need to cross the items off our project list to meet the deadline.
• Thai: เราต้องข้ามรายการออกจากรายการโครงการเพื่อให้ทันกำหนดเวลา (Rao tǎng kham rai-kān ǎk jàk rai-kān kà-rá-hâk pêu tâng kam-nóet wela).
• Grammatical Breakdown: "We need" (subject + modal verb) indicates necessity; "to cross the items off" (infinitive verb phrase) is the action; "our project list" (possessive noun phrase) specifies the object; "to meet the deadline" (infinitive clause) shows purpose.
• Structural Analysis: This is a declarative sentence with a compound structure, using "cross off" as a phrasal verb. In Thai, the verb "ข้าม" is adapted for idiomatic use, maintaining a formal tone suitable for business, which aligns with SEO for "cross in business contexts."

Leisure Scenario

• English: Let's cross the river on our hiking trip for a fun adventure.
• Thai: มาข้ามแม่น้ำในการเดินป่าของเราสำหรับการผจญภัยสนุกๆ กันเถอะ (Ma kham mâe-nám nai kân dâen bpâ kǎw rao sǎm-ràp kân pà-chon-phai sà-nùk-nùk gan thǎo).
• Grammatical Breakdown: "Let's" (imperative suggestion); "cross the river" (verb + object); "on our hiking trip" (prepositional phrase for context); "for a fun adventure" (prepositional phrase for purpose).
• Structural Analysis: An imperative sentence encouraging action, with "cross" as the main verb. In Thai, "ข้าม" adds a casual, exciting tone, ideal for leisure activities, enhancing engagement for searches like "cross word examples in daily life."

Formal Occasion

• English: The speaker emphasized the need to cross cultural boundaries for global understanding.
• Thai: ผู้พูดเน้นย้ำถึงความจำเป็นในการข้ามพรมแดนทางวัฒนธรรมเพื่อความเข้าใจระดับโลก (Pûu phûut nén yam tǎng khwām jam-neas nai kân kham phrûm-daen thâang wát-thá-na-tham pêu khwām khâo-jai radap lók).
• Grammatical Breakdown: "The speaker" (subject); "emphasized" (verb); "the need to cross" (noun phrase with infinitive); "cultural boundaries" (object); "for global understanding" (prepositional phrase).
• Structural Analysis: A complex declarative sentence, using "cross" metaphorically. Thai translation maintains formality with "ข้าม," suitable for events like conferences, optimizing for "cross in formal Thai usage."

Informal Occasion

• English: I'm so cross with my friend for canceling our plans last minute.
• Thai: ฉันโมโหเพื่อนมากที่ยกเลิกแผนของเราตอนสุดท้าย (Chăn mo-ho phûen mâk thî yók-lek phlean kǎw rao dtôn sùt thâan).
• Grammatical Breakdown: "I'm" (subject contraction); "so cross with" (adjective phrase); "my friend" (object); "for canceling" (gerund phrase).
• Structural Analysis: A declarative sentence where "cross" acts as an adjective for anger. In Thai, "โมโห" conveys informality, common in casual conversations, aiding SEO for "cross as an adjective in Thai."

Example Sentences in Different Sentence Types

Declarative Sentence

• English: The paths cross at the intersection.
• Thai: ทางข้ามกันที่จุดตัด (Thâang kham gan thî jùt dtàt).
• Grammatical Breakdown: "The paths" (subject); "cross" (verb); "at the intersection" (prepositional phrase).
• Structural Analysis: Simple declarative structure; "cross" as a verb. Thai uses "ข้าม" directly for clarity.

Interrogative Sentence

• English: Did you cross the street safely?
• Thai: คุณข้ามถนนอย่างปลอดภัยไหม (Khun kham thà-nǎn yang bplàwt-phai mái?).
• Grammatical Breakdown: "Did you" (auxiliary verb + subject); "cross the street" (verb + object); "safely" (adverb).
• Structural Analysis: Yes/no interrogative; "cross" as the main verb. Thai adds "ไหม" for questioning.

Imperative Sentence

• English: Cross the bridge carefully!
• Thai: ข้ามสะพานอย่างระมัดระวัง! (Kham sà-phâan yang rà-màt rà-wâang!)
• Grammatical Breakdown: "Cross" (imperative verb); "the bridge" (object); "carefully" (adverb).
• Structural Analysis: Direct command; "cross" as the verb. Thai maintains urgency with exclamation.

Exclamatory Sentence

• English: How amazing to cross the finish line first!
• Thai: น่าอัศจรรย์จริงๆ ที่ข้ามเส้นชัยเป็นคนแรก! (Nâa àt-jà-ryh jing-jing thî kham sên chái bpen khon râek!)
• Grammatical Breakdown: "How amazing" (exclamation starter); "to cross" (infinitive); "the finish line first" (object + adverb).
• Structural Analysis: Exclamatory with emotional emphasis; "cross" highlights achievement.

Example Sentences of Different Difficulties

Simple Sentence

• English: I cross the road.
• Thai: ฉันข้ามถนน (Chăn kham thà-nǎn).
• Grammatical Breakdown: "I" (subject); "cross" (verb); "the road" (object).
• Structural Analysis: Basic subject-verb-object structure; beginner-level for "cross word examples."

Intermediate Sentence

• English: She decided to cross the border despite the risks.
• Thai: เธอตัดสินใจข้ามพรมแดนแม้จะมีความเสี่ยง (Thǎo dtàt-sĭn jai kham phrûm-daen mâe jà mee khwām sèi-king).
• Grammatical Breakdown: "She decided" (subject + verb); "to cross" (infinitive); "the border" (object); "despite the risks" (conjunction + clause).
• Structural Analysis: Compound structure with subordination; suitable for intermediate learners.

Complex Sentence

• English: Although it was raining, we managed to cross the river, which had been swollen by the storm.
• Thai: แม้จะฝนตก เราก็สามารถข้ามแม่น้ำได้ ซึ่งแม่น้ำถูกทำให้บวมโดยพายุ (Mâe jà fǒn dtòk, rao gà sǎa-mârt kham mâe-nám dâi, sǒng mâe-nám tûk tam hai bùm jàh pà-yù).
• Grammatical Breakdown: "Although it was raining" (subordinate clause); "we managed to cross" (main clause); "which had been swollen" (relative clause).
• Structural Analysis: Multi-clause structure; "cross" integrates with complex grammar for advanced use.

Related Phrases and Expressions

Synonyms/Near Synonyms:

• Traverse – Used for crossing over a distance, often in formal or adventurous contexts (e.g., "Traverse the mountain path").
• Intersect – Refers to crossing paths or lines, with a focus on meeting points (e.g., "The roads intersect here").

Antonyms:

• Avoid – Implies steering clear instead of crossing, often in safety contexts (e.g., "Avoid the busy intersection").
• Separate – Means to divide or keep apart, opposite of crossing paths (e.g., "The walls separate the rooms").

Common Collocations:

• Cross paths – Used for unexpected meetings (e.g., "We might cross paths at the event").
• Cross over – Refers to transitioning between states or sides (e.g., "Cross over to the other team").

Cultural Background and Usage Habits

Cultural Background:

• Cultural Point 1: In Thai culture, the word "cross" as in "ไม้กางเขน" is linked to Christianity, which influences a small but significant portion of the population. It symbolizes sacrifice and redemption, often seen in festivals like Christmas, blending with Buddhist traditions. This cultural fusion makes "cross" a point of interest for searches on "cross in Thai culture," highlighting Thailand's religious diversity.

Usage Habits:

• Habit 1: "ข้าม" is frequently used in everyday Thai speech, especially among urban dwellers for traffic-related scenarios, making it popular in casual conversations. It's more common in younger demographics due to modern influences, but less so in formal writing, optimizing for "cross word usage in Thailand."

Grammar Explanation

• Grammatical Function: "Cross" can function as a verb (e.g., transitive: "Cross the street"), noun (e.g., subject: "The cross is symbolic"), or adjective (e.g., modifier: "A cross expression"). In sentences, it often acts as the main verb or object.
• Tense and Voice: It changes with tenses (e.g., present: "I cross"; past: "I crossed"; future: "I will cross") and voice (active: "We cross the river"; passive: "The river was crossed by us"). In Thai, verbs like "ข้าม" don't conjugate for tense, relying on context or time markers.

References

Etymology and History:

The word "cross" originates from Old English "cros," derived from Old Irish "cross" and Latin "crux," meaning a stake or intersection. It evolved to include religious and metaphorical meanings by the Middle Ages, influencing modern English and Thai adaptations through colonial and global exchanges.

Literary References:

• From the Bible (King James Version): "And he bearing his cross went forth" (John 19:17) – This highlights the religious symbolism, often referenced in Thai Christian literature.
• From modern literature: In George Orwell's "1984," "They crossed the room" illustrates everyday usage, showing the word's versatility in narrative contexts.