Main Translations

Below are the primary and secondary translations of the word "accuse" from English to Thai, including phonetic transcriptions and detailed explanations. This helps users searching for "accuse meaning in Thai" understand its nuances.

English: Accuse

Thai: กล่าวหา (Glàao hâa)

Phonetic: Glàao hâa (pronounced with a rising tone on "glàao" and a mid tone on "hâa")

Detailed Explanation: The word "accuse" is a verb that means to charge someone with a wrongdoing, fault, or crime, often based on evidence or suspicion. In Thai, "กล่าวหา" is the most common translation and carries a formal connotation, implying a direct allegation. It is used in legal, social, or everyday contexts where emotional tension may arise, such as in conflicts or investigations. For instance, it evokes a sense of confrontation and can have negative emotional connotations, like distrust or defensiveness, especially in Thai culture where maintaining harmony is valued. Users searching for "accuse usage scenarios" might note that this word is often paired with "of" in English (e.g., "accuse of theft"), which translates to "กล่าวหาว่า" in Thai for added specificity.

Thai: ตำหนิ (Dtam-nì)

Phonetic: Dtam-nì (pronounced with a mid tone on "dtam" and a falling tone on "nì")

Detailed Explanation: As a secondary translation, "ตำหนิ" means to blame or reproach someone, but it is milder than "กล่าวหา" and focuses more on criticism rather than a formal accusation. It is used in everyday scenarios where the emotional connotation is less intense, such as in personal relationships or informal settings. Semantic nuances include an emphasis on pointing out faults for correction, rather than seeking punishment. For SEO purposes, those looking for "accuse synonyms in Thai" should know that "ตำหนิ" is less formal and might not imply legal action, making it suitable for "accuse in casual conversations."

Overview of Usage Scenarios

The word "accuse" is primarily a verb used in contexts involving conflict, accountability, or justice. It appears in legal, professional, and personal situations, often carrying negative emotional weight due to its association with blame. Common "accuse usage scenarios" include formal accusations in court, workplace disputes, or interpersonal arguments. In Thai, translations like "กล่าวหา" are versatile but must be used carefully to avoid escalating tensions, aligning with cultural norms of indirect communication.

Example Sentences

This section provides example sentences for "accuse" in various scenarios, sentence types, and difficulty levels. Each includes the English sentence, its Thai translation, a grammatical breakdown, and a structural analysis to aid learners searching for "accuse examples in English and Thai."

Example Sentences in Different Scenarios

Business Scenario

English: The company accused the supplier of delivering defective products.

Thai: บริษัทกล่าวหาผู้จัดหาว่าส่งสินค้าชำรุดมา

Grammatical Breakdown: "The company" (subject, noun phrase) + "accused" (verb in past tense) + "the supplier" (direct object, noun) + "of delivering defective products" (prepositional phrase indicating the accusation).

Structural Analysis: This is a simple declarative sentence with a transitive verb structure. "Accuse" functions as the main verb, followed by "of" + gerund phrase, which is common in business contexts for formal complaints. In Thai, the structure mirrors this with "กล่าวหา" as the verb and "ว่า" introducing the specifics.

Leisure Scenario

English: My friend accused me of cheating in the board game.

Thai: เพื่อนของฉันกล่าวหาฉันว่ามีการโกงในเกมกระดาน

Grammatical Breakdown: "My friend" (subject, possessive noun phrase) + "accused" (verb in past tense) + "me" (direct object, pronoun) + "of cheating" (prepositional phrase).

Structural Analysis: This sentence uses a personal, informal structure to highlight interpersonal dynamics. "Accuse" is transitive and builds tension, while in Thai, "กล่าวหา" maintains a neutral tone to fit leisure settings without escalating conflict.

Formal Occasion

English: The lawyer accused the witness of perjury during the trial.

Thai: ทนายความกล่าวหานักเป็นพยานว่ากระทำการให้การเท็จในศาล

Grammatical Breakdown: "The lawyer" (subject) + "accused" (verb) + "the witness" (object) + "of perjury" (prepositional phrase specifying the act).

Structural Analysis: A formal, complex sentence where "accuse" introduces a legal allegation. The Thai translation uses "กล่าวหา" in a structured, professional manner, emphasizing evidence-based claims in "accuse formal usage."

Informal Occasion

English: She accused her sibling of eating the last piece of cake.

Thai: เธอกล่าวหาน้องสาวของเธอว่ากินเค้กชิ้นสุดท้าย

Grammatical Breakdown: "She" (subject) + "accused" (verb) + "her sibling" (object) + "of eating" (prepositional phrase).

Structural Analysis: This informal sentence relies on everyday language, with "accuse" adding emotional intensity. In Thai, the structure is straightforward, making it ideal for casual "accuse examples in daily life."

Example Sentences in Different Sentence Types

Declarative Sentence

English: I accuse you of breaking the rules.

Thai: ฉันกล่าวหาคุณว่าทำลายกฎ

Grammatical Breakdown: "I" (subject) + "accuse" (verb) + "you" (object) + "of breaking" (prepositional phrase).

Structural Analysis: A straightforward declarative form stating a fact, with "accuse" as the core verb. Thai maintains a direct equivalent for clear communication.

Interrogative Sentence

English: Who will accuse the suspect in this case?

Thai: ใครจะเป็นคนกล่าวหาผู้ต้องสงสัยในคดีนี้?

Grammatical Breakdown: "Who" (interrogative pronoun) + "will accuse" (verb in future tense) + "the suspect" (object) + "in this case" (prepositional phrase).

Structural Analysis: This question inverts the typical subject-verb order for inquiry, using "accuse" to probe responsibility. In Thai, the question word "ใคร" leads the sentence.

Imperative Sentence

English: Don't accuse him without proof!

Thai: อย่ากล่าวหาเขาโดยปราศจากหลักฐาน!

Grammatical Breakdown: "Don't" (negative imperative) + "accuse" (verb base) + "him" (object) + "without proof" (adverbial phrase).

Structural Analysis: An imperative command urging caution, with "accuse" in a prohibitive form. Thai uses "อย่า" for negation, enhancing the directive tone.

Exclamatory Sentence

English: How dare you accuse me of lying!

Thai: ทำไมคุณถึงกล้าที่จะกล่าวหาฉันว่ามีการโกหก!

Grammatical Breakdown: "How dare you" (exclamatory phrase) + "accuse" (verb) + "me" (object) + "of lying" (prepositional phrase).

Structural Analysis: This expresses strong emotion, with "accuse" amplifying indignation. In Thai, exclamation is conveyed through word order and tone.

Example Sentences of Different Difficulties

Simple Sentence

English: They accused him.

Thai: พวกเขากล่าวหาเขา

Grammatical Breakdown: "They" (subject) + "accused" (verb) + "him" (object).

Structural Analysis: A basic structure for beginners, focusing on core verb usage.

Intermediate Sentence

English: The police accused the thief of multiple crimes.

Thai: ตำรวจกล่าวหาโจรว่ากระทำความผิดหลายครั้ง

Grammatical Breakdown: "The police" (subject) + "accused" (verb) + "the thief" (object) + "of multiple crimes" (prepositional phrase).

Structural Analysis: Adds detail with a prepositional phrase, suitable for intermediate learners.

Complex Sentence

English: Although he denied it, his colleagues accused him of embezzlement, which led to a full investigation.

Thai: แม้ว่าเขาจะปฏิเสธ แต่เพื่อนร่วมงานของเขากล่าวหาว่าเขาทุจริต ซึ่งนำไปสู่การสอบสวนอย่างเต็มรูปแบบ

Grammatical Breakdown: "Although he denied it" (subordinate clause) + "his colleagues accused him" (main clause) + "of embezzlement" (phrase) + "which led to" (relative clause).

Structural Analysis: Involves clauses for advanced users, showing "accuse" in a narrative context.

Related Phrases and Expressions

Explore synonyms, antonyms, and collocations for "accuse" to enhance vocabulary related to "accuse meaning and related words."

Synonyms/Near Synonyms:

• Charge – Used in legal contexts to formally allege a crime, similar to "accuse" but more official (e.g., "charge with fraud").
• Blame – Implies assigning responsibility for a fault, often less formal than "accuse" (e.g., "blame for the mistake").

Antonyms:

• Exonerate – Means to clear someone of blame or accusation, opposite in legal or moral contexts (e.g., "exonerate from charges").
• Absolve – Refers to freeing someone from guilt, emphasizing forgiveness (e.g., "absolve of wrongdoing").

Common Collocations:

• Accuse someone of something – A standard phrase for specifying the allegation (e.g., "accuse of theft").
• False accuse – Used to describe an unfounded claim, highlighting misuse (e.g., "false accuse in court").

Cultural Background and Usage Habits

Understanding the cultural context of "accuse" is key for users interested in "accuse cultural notes in Thai society."

Cultural Background:

• Cultural Point 1: In Thai culture, direct accusations like "กล่าวหา" can disrupt social harmony, as Thailand emphasizes "kreng jai" (consideration for others). Accusations are often handled indirectly to save face, unlike in Western cultures where they might be more confrontational.

Usage Habits:

• Habit 1: "กล่าวหา" is frequently used in formal settings like courts or media, but less in daily conversations due to its potential to cause conflict. It is popular among legal professionals and is more common in urban areas, reflecting modern influences.

Grammar Explanation

This section covers the grammatical role of "accuse" for those searching for "accuse grammar rules."

Grammatical Function:

"Accuse" is a transitive verb, typically functioning as the main verb in a sentence. It requires a direct object (e.g., "accuse someone") and is often followed by "of" + noun/gerund (e.g., "accuse of stealing"). In Thai, it acts similarly as a verb in subject-verb-object structures.

Tense and Voice:

"Accuse" changes with tenses: present (accuse), past (accused), future (will accuse), and progressive (is accusing). In passive voice, it becomes "be accused" (e.g., "He was accused of the crime"), which shifts focus to the object. In Thai, tense is indicated through context or time words, as Thai verbs do not conjugate.

References

Here are insights into the origins and literary uses of "accuse" for deeper context on "accuse etymology and history."

Etymology and History:

The word "accuse" originates from Latin "accusare," meaning "to call to account," derived from "ad-" (to) and "causa" (cause). It evolved through Old French "acuser" in the 13th century and entered English during the Middle Ages, reflecting themes of justice and morality.

Literary References:

• From Shakespeare's "Othello": "Iago accuses Othello of jealousy," highlighting manipulation (source: Act 3, Scene 3). This illustrates "accuse" in dramatic conflict.
• From modern literature, in Harper Lee's "To Kill a Mockingbird": "Atticus accuses the town of prejudice," showing social critique (source: Chapter 20).