Main Translations

Below are the primary and secondary translations of "adjustment" from English to Thai, including phonetic guides and detailed explanations. These translations highlight the word's versatility in everyday and professional contexts.

English: Adjustment

Thai: การปรับ (Gaan bpàt)

Phonetic: Gaan bpàt (pronounced as "gaan" with a rising tone, and "bpàt" with a falling tone)

Detailed Explanation: This translation is commonly used for scenarios involving modifications or fine-tuning to achieve balance or improvement. It carries a neutral to positive emotional connotation, implying adaptability and progress. Semantic nuances include mechanical, financial, or personal changes, such as adjusting a machine or adapting to a new environment. In Thai culture, it often relates to maintaining harmony (e.g., in social or business settings), making it a practical term for everyday problem-solving.

Thai: การแก้ไข (Gaan gɛ̂ɛ kǎi)

Phonetic: Gaan gɛ̂ɛ kǎi (pronounced as "gaan" with a rising tone, "gɛ̂ɛ" with a mid-falling tone, and "kǎi" with a rising tone)

Detailed Explanation: This secondary translation emphasizes correction or rectification, often with a more corrective emotional connotation, suggesting that something was previously incorrect. It is used in contexts like editing documents or fixing errors, with nuances of precision and resolution. In Thai usage, it can imply a formal or technical process, such as in legal or educational scenarios, and reflects a cultural value of "kreng jai" (consideration), where adjustments are made to avoid conflict.

Overview of Usage Scenarios

"Adjustment" is a versatile noun that primarily refers to the act of making changes to something for better fit, accuracy, or adaptation. Its main usage scenarios include business (e.g., financial or operational tweaks), personal life (e.g., adapting to new routines), technical fields (e.g., mechanical settings), and social contexts (e.g., cultural adaptations). In Thai, it often appears in formal or professional discussions, reflecting a cultural emphasis on flexibility and balance, and is less common in casual conversations unless related to practical problem-solving.

Example Sentences

This section provides example sentences for "adjustment" across various scenarios, sentence types, and difficulty levels. Each example includes the English sentence, its Thai translation, a grammatical breakdown, and a structural analysis to aid language learners. These examples are SEO-optimized with keywords like "adjustment sentence examples" for better search visibility.

Example Sentences in Different Scenarios

Business Scenario

English: We need to make an adjustment to the budget to account for unexpected expenses.

Thai: เราต้องทำการปรับงบประมาณเพื่อจัดการกับค่าใช้จ่ายที่ไม่คาดฝัน (Rao dtông tam gaan bpàt ngop prà-thaan pêu jing gaan gàp kha chai jai têe mâi khàt făn)

Grammatical Breakdown: "We need" (subject + modal verb) indicates necessity; "to make an adjustment" (infinitive phrase with noun as object) describes the action; "to the budget" (prepositional phrase) specifies the target; "to account for" (infinitive clause) explains the purpose.

Structural Analysis: This is a declarative sentence with a complex structure, using subordination to link cause and effect. In Thai, the sentence follows a subject-verb-object pattern with embedded clauses, emphasizing logical flow in professional contexts.

Leisure Scenario

English: After the trip, I made a small adjustment to my travel plans for next time.

Thai: หลังจากทริป ฉันทำการปรับเล็กน้อยในแผนการเดินทางครั้งหน้า (Lang jaak trip, chăn tam gaan bpàt lék nôi nai plan gaan dèen thâang kráng nâa)

Grammatical Breakdown: "After the trip" (prepositional phrase) sets the time; "I made" (subject + verb) is the main action; "a small adjustment" (noun phrase with adjective) describes the change; "to my travel plans" (prepositional phrase) specifies what is adjusted.

Structural Analysis: This simple declarative sentence builds from a temporal clause to the main clause, common in informal narratives. In Thai, it uses connectors for smooth progression, reflecting casual storytelling in leisure contexts.

Formal Occasion

English: The committee recommended an adjustment to the policy during the meeting.

Thai: คณะกรรมการแนะนำการปรับนโยบายในการประชุม (Khana kammakaan nɛ̂ɛ nam gaan bpàt nayo baay nai gaan bpra chum)

Grammatical Breakdown: "The committee recommended" (subject + verb) states the action; "an adjustment" (noun object); "to the policy" (prepositional phrase); "during the meeting" (prepositional phrase) adds context.

Structural Analysis: A formal declarative sentence with a clear subject-object-verb structure in English, mirrored in Thai's topic-comment style, suitable for official settings to convey authority and precision.

Informal Occasion

English: Hey, let's make a quick adjustment to the recipe before we start cooking.

Thai: เฮ้ มาทำการปรับสูตรอาหารให้เร็วก่อนเริ่มทำอาหารกันเถอะ (Hě̀, maa tam gaan bpàt sùt aa hăan hâi reo gòrn riang tam aa hăan gan thǎo)

Grammatical Breakdown: "Hey, let's make" (interjection + subject + verb) initiates; "a quick adjustment" (noun phrase); "to the recipe" (prepositional phrase); "before we start" (subordinate clause).

Structural Analysis: An imperative sentence with informal tone, using direct address in English and Thai to encourage collaboration, ideal for casual interactions like family gatherings.

Example Sentences in Different Sentence Types

Declarative Sentence

English: The mechanic performed an adjustment on the car's engine.

Thai: ช่างซ่อมทำการปรับเครื่องยนต์ของรถ (Châang sòm tam gaan bpàt krêuang yon tôn khǎwng rót)

Grammatical Breakdown: "The mechanic performed" (subject + verb); "an adjustment" (direct object); "on the car's engine" (prepositional phrase).

Structural Analysis: Straightforward subject-verb-object structure, stating facts clearly, which is common in both languages for informative purposes.

Interrogative Sentence

English: Have you made any adjustments to your schedule yet?

Thai: คุณทำการปรับตารางเวลาของคุณแล้วหรือยัง? (Khun tam gaan bpàt dta raang wé laa khǎwng khun láew rĕu yang?)

Grammatical Breakdown: "Have you made" (auxiliary verb + subject + verb); "any adjustments" (object); "to your schedule yet" (prepositional phrase + adverb).

Structural Analysis: Question form with inversion in English; Thai uses rising intonation and question particles, making it suitable for inquiries in daily conversations.

Imperative Sentence

English: Please make the necessary adjustments before submitting the report.

Thai: กรุณาทำการปรับที่จำเป็นก่อนส่งรายงาน (Gà runa tam gaan bpàt têe jà meu gòrn sòng ra yòk)

Grammatical Breakdown: "Please make" (polite imperative); "the necessary adjustments" (object); "before submitting" (subordinate clause).

Structural Analysis: Commands with politeness markers, emphasizing action in both languages, often used in professional directives.

Exclamatory Sentence

English: What a great adjustment that was to the team's strategy!

Thai: นั่นเป็นการปรับที่ยอดเยี่ยมสำหรับกลยุทธ์ของทีมเลย! (Nán bpen gaan bpàt têe yòt yîm sǎhm ráb glà yút khǎwng tim loei!)

Grammatical Breakdown: "What a great adjustment" (exclamation phrase); "that was" (verb clause); "to the team's strategy" (prepositional phrase).

Structural Analysis: Emphasizes emotion through exclamation, with Thai using intensifiers for added enthusiasm, common in motivational contexts.

Example Sentences of Different Difficulties

Simple Sentence

English: I need an adjustment.

Thai: ฉันต้องการการปรับ (Chăn dtâwng gaan bpàt)

Grammatical Breakdown: "I need" (subject + verb); "an adjustment" (object).

Structural Analysis: Basic subject-verb-object form, easy for beginners, focusing on direct expression.

Intermediate Sentence

English: After some adjustment, the device started working properly.

Thai: หลังจากทำการปรับ เครื่องมือก็ทำงานได้อย่างถูกต้อง (Lang jaak tam gaan bpàt, krêuang meu gâo tam ngan dâi yàang tûk tông)

Grammatical Breakdown: "After some adjustment" (prepositional phrase); "the device started" (subject + verb); "working properly" (gerund phrase).

Structural Analysis: Includes a temporal clause for added complexity, building logical connections.

Complex Sentence

English: Although we made several adjustments to the plan, the project still faced delays due to external factors.

Thai: แม้ว่าเราจะทำการปรับหลายครั้งในแผน แต่โครงการยังคงเผชิญกับความล่าช้าจากปัจจัยภายนอก (Mâe wâa rao jà tam gaan bpàt lǎai kráng nai plan, tæ̀ kàr jaak gaan pûa jàak jàak pa jàt paya nôk)

Grammatical Breakdown: "Although we made" (subordinate clause); "several adjustments" (object); "the project still faced" (main clause); "due to external factors" (prepositional phrase).

Structural Analysis: Multiple clauses with conjunctions, ideal for advanced users to express contrasts and causes.

Related Phrases and Expressions

Here are synonyms, antonyms, and common collocations for "adjustment," with explanations to show how they relate in context. This section uses keywords like "adjustment synonyms" for SEO.

Synonyms/Near Synonyms:

• Modification – Used interchangeably with "adjustment" in contexts like changes to plans or settings, often implying a less drastic alteration.
• Alteration – Similar to "adjustment" but with a focus on significant changes, such as in design or behavior, carrying a neutral connotation.

Antonyms:

• Preservation – The opposite of "adjustment," emphasizing keeping things unchanged, often in historical or environmental contexts.
• Maintenance – Contrasts with "adjustment" by focusing on upkeep without alteration, commonly used in technical or routine scenarios.

Common Collocations:

• Price adjustment – Refers to changes in pricing, such as in economics or retail, to respond to market fluctuations.
• Seasonal adjustment – Used in data analysis or business to account for periodic variations, highlighting adaptability in planning.

Cultural Background and Usage Habits

This section explores the cultural and habitual aspects of "adjustment," incorporating SEO terms like "adjustment in Thai culture."

Cultural Background:

• Cultural Point 1: In Thai culture, "adjustment" aligns with the concept of "sanuk" (fun and balance), where changes are made to maintain social harmony. For instance, in business negotiations, adjustments are often proposed to avoid confrontation, reflecting Thailand's collectivist values.

Usage Habits:

• Habit 1: "Adjustment" and its Thai equivalents are frequently used in urban, professional settings among younger demographics and business professionals, with high popularity in contexts like technology and finance. It is less common in rural areas, where traditional methods may prioritize stability over change.

Grammar Explanation

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Grammatical Function:

"Adjustment" functions primarily as a countable or uncountable noun, serving as the subject, object, or part of a prepositional phrase in sentences (e.g., subject in "Adjustment is necessary"). It can also be modified by adjectives for specificity.

Tense and Voice:

As a noun, "adjustment" does not change tenses directly, but related verbs do (e.g., "adjust" in present: "I adjust," past: "I adjusted," passive voice: "The budget was adjusted"). In Thai, it remains invariant, with context determining tense through surrounding verbs.

References

Final references provide historical and literary context, using SEO-friendly phrases like "etymology of adjustment."

Etymology and History:

The word "adjustment" originates from the Latin "adjustare," meaning "to fit or make near," evolving through Old French to Middle English. Historically, it gained prominence during the Industrial Revolution for mechanical contexts and later expanded to social and economic uses in the 20th century.

Literary References:

• From Charles Dickens' "David Copperfield": "I made some adjustments to my circumstances" – This illustrates personal adaptation, highlighting resilience in Victorian literature.
• From modern Thai literature, such as in "Four Reigns" by Kukrit Pramoj: Equivalent phrases reflect societal adjustments during historical changes, emphasizing cultural evolution.