Main Translations

• English: Bigot
• Thai: คนลำเอียง (Kon lam-iang)
• Phonetic: /kɔn lām-ēaŋ/ (The phonetic transcription reflects standard Romanization for Thai, emphasizing the tones for accurate pronunciation.)
• Detailed Explanation: The term "bigot" refers to a person who is intolerant and prejudiced against those who hold different opinions, beliefs, or backgrounds, often related to religion, race, politics, or culture. Usage scenarios include discussions on social justice, workplace discrimination, or personal biases. Emotionally, it carries a negative connotation, implying stubbornness and irrationality, which can evoke feelings of anger or disappointment. Semantic nuances highlight its focus on unwavering adherence to one's views without openness to dialogue, making it a strong word in debates or criticisms.
• Thai: คนมีอคติ (Kon mee a-khati)
• Phonetic: /kɔn mēe ʔà-kʰà-tì/ (This Romanization captures the Thai tones, where "a-khati" implies bias or prejudice.)
• Detailed Explanation: "คนมีอคติ" is a secondary translation that emphasizes a person with preconceived biases or prejudices, similar to "bigot" but with a slightly broader scope in Thai contexts. It is commonly used in scenarios involving social media arguments, educational settings, or legal discussions about discrimination. Emotionally, it conveys frustration and disapproval, often in formal or intellectual conversations. Semantic nuances include its roots in Thai psychology, where "อคติ" (a-khati) means bias, making it less intense than "bigot" but still critical of closed-mindedness.

Overview of Usage Scenarios

The word "bigot" is primarily used in contexts involving social, political, or personal intolerance. It appears in everyday conversations, media discussions, and formal writings to criticize narrow-minded behavior. Common scenarios include workplace conflicts (e.g., hiring biases), social debates (e.g., cultural differences), and educational settings (e.g., addressing stereotypes). In Thai, translations like "คนลำเอียง" are used similarly but may carry cultural undertones of harmony, where such labels are employed to promote tolerance in community discussions.

Example Sentences

Example Sentences in Different Scenarios

Business Scenario

• English: The company CEO is a bigot who refuses to promote employees from diverse backgrounds.
• Thai: ซีอีโอนำ้ของบริษัทเป็นคนลำเอียงที่ปฏิเสธไม่เลื่อนตำแหน่งพนักงานจากพื้นเพที่หลากหลาย (See-ee-o naa kong baan-nut bpen kon lam-iang tee bpàt-sèd mâi leuan dtam-naang phan-nà-kahng jàk bpen-pèk tee làk-lǎk-lǎk).
• Grammatical Breakdown: "The company CEO" (subject) is a noun phrase; "is a bigot" (predicate) uses "is" as a linking verb; "who refuses to promote" is a relative clause with "refuses" as the main verb in present tense; "employees from diverse backgrounds" is the object phrase.
• Structural Analysis: This sentence follows a subject-verb-object structure with a relative clause for added detail. It highlights cause-and-effect in a professional context, emphasizing the word "bigot" to underscore ethical issues in business decisions.

Leisure Scenario

• English: During the family gathering, my uncle acted like a bigot by criticizing everyone's dietary choices.
• Thai: ระหว่างการรวมญาติ ป้า ของผมแสดงตัวเป็นคนลำเอียงโดยวิจารณ์ทางเลือกอาหารของทุกคน (Bàai gaan rum-nyà-ti, bpâa kong phŏm sà-daaeng dtua bpen kon lam-iang doi wí-jàrn tàang lʉ̌ak aa-hǎan kong túk khon).
• Grammatical Breakdown: "During the family gathering" (prepositional phrase); "my uncle acted like a bigot" (main clause with "acted" as verb); "by criticizing everyone's dietary choices" (gerund phrase as modifier).
• Structural Analysis: The sentence uses a complex structure with a prepositional phrase and gerund, making "bigot" the focal point to describe casual, interpersonal conflict in a relaxed setting.

Formal Occasion

• English: In his speech, the politician was accused of being a bigot for his remarks on immigration policies.
• Thai: ในสุนทรพจน์ของเขา นักการเมืองถูกกล่าวหาว่าเป็นคนมีอคติต่อนโยบายการอพยพ (Nai sùn-dohn-bpà-john kong kǎo, nák gaan-mʉʉang tûk glàao hǎa wâa bpen kon mee a-khati tʉ̌ng nai-yo-bàai gaan àp-bpà-yòp).
• Grammatical Breakdown: "In his speech" (prepositional phrase); "the politician was accused" (passive voice with "was accused" as verb); "of being a bigot" (infinitive phrase); "for his remarks" (prepositional phrase).
• Structural Analysis: This employs passive voice for formality, with "bigot" integrated into an accusatory clause, suitable for public or legal contexts to analyze societal issues.

Informal Occasion

• English: My friend called him a bigot after he made fun of our cultural traditions.
• Thai: เพื่อนของผมเรียกเขาว่าเป็นคนลำเอียงหลังจากที่เขาแกล้งวัฒนธรรมของเรา (Pûueng kong phŏm rîiak kǎo wâa bpen kon lam-iang lăng jàak tîi kǎo glɛɛng wát-tá-na-dtam kong rao).
• Grammatical Breakdown: "My friend called him" (main clause); "a bigot" (direct object); "after he made fun" (subordinate clause).
• Structural Analysis: An informal, straightforward structure with a subordinate clause, using "bigot" to express personal judgment in everyday conversations.

Example Sentences in Different Sentence Types

Declarative Sentence

• English: She is a bigot who never listens to opposing views.
• Thai: เธอเป็นคนลำเอียงที่ไม่เคยฟังความคิดเห็นที่แตกต่าง (Ter bpen kon lam-iang tîi mâi kĕu fang khwaam-tîng hěn tîi dtàk-dàang).
• Grammatical Breakdown: "She is" (subject and linking verb); "a bigot" (predicate nominative); "who never listens" (relative clause).
• Structural Analysis: Simple declarative form stating a fact, with "bigot" as the key descriptor for emphasis.

Interrogative Sentence

• English: Are you calling me a bigot just because I disagree with you?
• Thai: คุณเรียกผมว่าเป็นคนลำเอียงเพียงเพราะผมไม่เห็นด้วยกับคุณหรือ (Khun rîiak phŏm wâa bpen kon lam-iang pʉ̂ng phrʉ̂a phŏm mâi hěn dûuay gàp khun rʉ̌?).
• Grammatical Breakdown: "Are you calling" (interrogative verb phrase); "me a bigot" (object); "just because" (subordinating conjunction).
• Structural Analysis: Question structure with inversion, using "bigot" to challenge assumptions in debates.

Imperative Sentence

• English: Don't be a bigot; try to understand different perspectives.
• Thai: อย่าเป็นคนลำเอียง ลองพยายามเข้าใจมุมมองที่แตกต่าง (Yàa bpen kon lam-iang, laong phrá-yaam khâo jàt mùm maawng tîi dtàk-dàang).
• Grammatical Breakdown: "Don't be" (imperative verb); "a bigot" (object); "try to understand" (infinitive phrase).
• Structural Analysis: Command form with "bigot" as a direct address, encouraging self-reflection.

Exclamatory Sentence

• English: What a bigot he is for spreading such hateful ideas!
• Thai: ช่างเป็นคนลำเอียงอะไรเช่นนี้ที่แพร่กระจายความคิดที่เกลียดชัง! (Châang bpen kon lam-iang a-rai chên níi tîi prɛ̀ krà-jai khwaam-tîng tîi glìat châang!)
• Grammatical Breakdown: "What a bigot" (exclamatory phrase); "he is" (subject and verb); "for spreading" (prepositional phrase).
• Structural Analysis: Exclamatory structure to express strong emotion, with "bigot" amplifying outrage.

Example Sentences of Different Difficulties

Simple Sentence

• English: He is a bigot.
• Thai: เขาเป็นคนลำเอียง (Kǎo bpen kon lam-iang).
• Grammatical Breakdown: "He" (subject); "is" (verb); "a bigot" (predicate).
• Structural Analysis: Basic subject-verb-object structure, ideal for beginners to introduce the word.

Intermediate Sentence

• English: Being a bigot can harm relationships in the community.
• Thai: การเป็นคนลำเอียงสามารถทำลายความสัมพันธ์ในชุมชน (Gaan bpen kon lam-iang sǎa-mârt tam-lai khwaam sǎm-pun nai chum-chon).
• Grammatical Breakdown: "Being a bigot" (gerund phrase as subject); "can harm" (modal verb and main verb); "relationships" (object).
• Structural Analysis: Compound structure with a gerund, showing cause-effect for intermediate learners.

Complex Sentence

• English: Although he claims to be open-minded, his actions reveal him as a bigot who discriminates based on religion.
• Thai: แม้ว่าเขาจะอ้างว่าตัวเองเปิดใจ แต่พฤติกรรมของเขาก็เปิดเผยว่าเขาเป็นคนลำเอียงที่เลือกปฏิบัติตามศาสนา (Mâe wâa kǎo jà àang wâa dtua eng bpʉ̂d jai, tàe phrùt-tí-gàhm kong kǎo gòp bpʉ̂d prʉ̂ay wâa kǎo bpen kon lam-iang tîi leuk bpàt-dti tàam sàat).
• Grammatical Breakdown: "Although he claims" (subordinate clause); "his actions reveal" (main clause); "him as a bigot" (object phrase); "who discriminates" (relative clause).
• Structural Analysis: Multi-clause structure with conjunctions, using "bigot" in a nuanced context for advanced understanding.

Related Phrases and Expressions

Synonyms/Near Synonyms:

• Prejudiced person – Often used interchangeably with "bigot" to describe someone with preconceived biases, e.g., in social discussions.
• Intolerant individual – Highlights resistance to diversity, similar to "bigot" but with a focus on behavior in group settings.

Antonyms:

• Open-minded person – Refers to someone who embraces different views, contrasting "bigot" by promoting inclusivity.
• Tolerant individual – Emphasizes acceptance of differences, directly opposing the negative traits of a "bigot."

Common Collocations:

• Religious bigot – Used in contexts of faith-based intolerance, e.g., "He is a religious bigot who rejects other beliefs."
• Racial bigot – Refers to prejudice based on race, common in anti-discrimination campaigns.

Cultural Background and Usage Habits

Cultural Background:

• Cultural Point 1: In Western cultures, particularly in the U.S. and Europe, "bigot" is often linked to historical events like the Civil Rights Movement, where it describes resistance to equality. In Thai culture, equivalents like "คนลำเอียง" reflect Buddhist principles of mindfulness and balance, discouraging extremism to maintain social harmony.

Usage Habits:

• Habit 1: "Bigot" is frequently used in online forums and media, especially among younger demographics in English-speaking countries, due to rising discussions on social justice. In Thailand, "คนลำเอียง" is popular in formal education and public discourse, with moderate frequency to avoid confrontation, often among intellectuals or activists.

Grammar Explanation

• Grammatical Function: "Bigot" functions as a noun, typically as a subject, object, or predicate nominative in sentences. For example, it can be the subject in "A bigot spoke at the rally" or an object in "They labeled him a bigot."
• Tense and Voice: As a noun, "bigot" does not change with tense but can appear in various verb forms. In active voice, e.g., "The bigot refused to listen," it describes actions. In passive voice, e.g., "He was called a bigot," it emphasizes the label. No inflectional changes occur for "bigot" itself.

References

Etymology and History:

The word "bigot" originates from the Middle French "bigot," meaning a religious hypocrite, possibly derived from the Old English or Germanic roots implying stubbornness. It evolved in the 17th century to encompass broader intolerance, influenced by religious conflicts in Europe. In Thai, "คนลำเอียง" draws from Sanskrit influences in Thai language, emphasizing bias in moral contexts.

Literary References:

• From Harper Lee's "To Kill a Mockingbird": "Atticus said to Jem one day, 'I’d rather you shot at tin cans in the backyard, but I know you’ll go after birds. Shoot all the bluejays you want, if you can hit ‘em, but remember it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird.' This subtly critiques bigotry through themes of prejudice." (Source: Harper Lee, 1960)
• From George Orwell's "1984": "The Party's slogans, like 'War is Peace,' expose the bigot-like mindset of authoritarian control." (Source: George Orwell, 1949)